Rationalism and the Crisis of European Civilization مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

The question Husserl poses, regardless of the flaws and shortcomings in his answer, is very important and vital for understanding the crisis of rationalism; and since this crisis is itself one of the manifestations of the pervasive crisis of our modern and rational civilization, it must be admitted that Husserl's attempt to provide a new description of rationality in the form of a kind of phenomenological philosophy is the beginning of one of the most important and effective cultural challenges of the present age. According to that famous old definition, man is a rational animal, and in this broad sense of the word, even an individual from the Papuan* people is considered a human and not an animal; he has his own specific goals and ends, and acts in a reasonable and thoughtful manner given practical possibilities. Humans and animals are not merely material bodies, but in their orientation toward the surrounding world, they appear as something possessing physical existence, and consequently as realities organized within the general framework of time and space. A causal mechanism, which is divided into only two parts, encompasses the unified world; the meaning and concept of rational explanation are the same everywhere, but in such a way that any explanation and description of the soul or spiritual matters, if it is to be considered the sole philosophical explanation and consequently a general and universal explanation, always returns us to the realm of physical matters.