Rationality: Scientific Rationality and Automethodology مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

It seems rational to believe whatever science establishes and to reject whatever lies outside its radius as non-scientific beliefs and, consequently, irrational. When an experience of the world becomes clearly contingent upon and dependent on a specific conceptual framework, empirical research is regarded as the product of a particular system of beliefs and cannot justify it, and finding an answer is a difficult task for someone who asks why such a system should be accepted or believed in, or what the main and important point of empirical research might be. If it is believed that science can fundamentally explain everything, even though some things may forever remain beyond the reach of scientists who ultimately have the limitations of human beings, then this belief can be regarded as a futile matter. This view that all religious beliefs, wherever they may exist, are merely symbolic, accepts the positivist claim that only science can be the way to reach truth. Modern science has invented a powerful technique for making important discoveries about the world, but with a view that considers it the sole way to attain knowledge, it leads to the serious distortion of interpretations of non-scientific beliefs. Just as late Wittgenstein thought that beliefs gain more importance from their social role than from what they appear to be about, the symbolic understanding of belief also ignores its real content and seeks truths that are expressed about a specific society.