Rationality of Traditions مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

They also differ in the method of attaining the definition of rationality and justice within the core of each tradition: in the Aristotelian tradition, through the continuous flow of the dialectical efforts of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Aquinas; in the Augustinian tradition, through obedience to divine authority as manifested in sacred texts and the mediation of Neoplatonic thought; within the framework of the Scottish tradition, David Hume expanded his own specific definitions by rejecting the views of his predecessors and reasoning based on premises that were also acceptable to them; and in the context of liberalism, a sequence of resonant definitions of justice continued within a debate that sometimes, due to this very tradition's understanding of practical rationality, could not lead to a definitive conclusion. Note that the necessary foundation and context for providing a response to relativism and perspectivism cannot be found in a theory of rationality that has already been explicitly formulated and expanded within the framework of one or more of the traditions we have dealt with; rather, achieving this response is more dependent on a theory that is embodied in the form of the research performance or scholarly activities of these traditions and is considered a prerequisite for these activities—a theory that has never before been expressed in a precise and comprehensive manner, although vague and general outlines of the original theory or parts of it can certainly be found in the works of various authors, especially Newman.