Neo-evolutionism and Renewal Theory مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Those who wrote articles in this issue generally agreed on several fundamental points: 1) Societies are adaptive systems that have a will to survive; 2) Societies are initially normative systems; 3) Innovation and diffusion are important and vital factors in the process of modernization; and 4) Modern societies, especially considering the extent of their internal differentiation and specialization, are unique societies. Other universal evolutionary patterns, especially bureaucratic organization and money and the money-based market, further increase the adaptability of societies and, at the appropriate time, decisively [lead society] toward modernity, meaning that universal moral order which itself provides a solid foundation for the modern political system in the final analysis. One of the strongest objections to the usual and standard division of society into two poles of tradition and modernity, and in fact, a strong objection to the neo-evolutionary view in modernization theory, came from Bankes (xidneB), who worked in the field of political sociology and paid great attention to the development of "new nations. In all these cases, what is clearly noteworthy are the internal social and political structures, values, and class classifications, and the legitimate importance given to the role of intellectuals and the state, even though they are subject to external influences and requirements; the practical application of these ideas in empirical and historical studies of social changes in specific societies is what distinguishes Bankes' work from Parsons' work.