چکیده:
Immanuel Kant has always been the focus of attention for thinkers and politicians due to the 'Copernican Revolution' he created in the field of politics and social management. In his philosophy of law, through the definitions he provides for the concepts of 'right' and 'duty,' he distinguishes the position of freedom and property in his philosophy from other philosophers. In Kant's view, a right is a set of conditions under which the choice of one person can be combined with the choice of another person according to a general law. Therefore, Kant always seeks to find the source of all legal judgments in reason.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Kant has presented most of his political philosophy discussions in the Metaphysics of Morals under the title of Metaphysics of Right, in the essay on Perpetual Peace1 Zum ewigen frieden, in an article titled the Theory of the Science of History2, and also in an article titled What is Enlightenment?34 In these writings, he has examined various political topics and issues such as freedom, civil state, just laws, justice, types of governments, power, separation of powers, natural state, inalienable rights of people, fundamental contract, general will, prohibition of rebellion and revolution, reforms, peaceful political struggle, obedience, and political obligation.
8 Considering the definition of the act of right that Kant provides, it can be stated that the act of right is that action which, if I choose it, my choice will not be detrimental to the choice of another person according to the general law, and it preserves the freedom of the will of each person alongside the freedom of every other person.
But the obligation that exists in the universal law is the application of force, which Kant considers harmonious and connected to the general principle of right, saying: resistance to influence is a reinforcing effect and is harmonious with it.
Everyone has this moral duty to respect the personal rights of others: "I can only be assured of the security of my own property when I know that others are obliged not to infringe upon my possessions, and this is realized when individuals consider themselves participants in a social contract.
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