Kant and the Problem of History مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

, to general, comprehensive, rational, and abstract questions, and engage in philosophical and rational reflection and analysis that goes beyond conventional historical research, aiming to provide a rational and comprehensive explanation of them, they enter the specific field of the philosophy of history. Some of the issues that have been the focus of philosophers of history in speculative philosophy of history and are considered within this field are of this kind: the authenticity or conventionality of history, origin, goal, motive, mechanism, movement, its path, and its prominent stages, the problem of divine providence, causality in history, free will, evolution and transformation, human values, the relationship between is and ought, law, conflict and cooperation, etc. In this methodology, it is certainly not possible for humans to know the whole of history; only God has knowledge of the whole and knows the beginning and the end, but man, within the limits of his reason and his ideas about the "whole," projects ideas and proceeds with the ordering, classification, matching, and analysis of historical events. The Necessity of Philosophical Effort Regarding the Understanding of the Plan, Design, and Purposes in History From Kant's perspective, the possibility of a philosophical endeavor to provide a universal history of the world, according to a plan of nature whose goal is complete civil union in the human species and so on, must be accepted and even considered necessary.