چکیده:
The present article aims to express the criteria that moral philosophers have provided regarding the rightness and wrongness of moral judgments; however, since in the author's view, the virtue ethics perspective holds a deeper position, the criticisms and reviews conducted regarding this perspective have been addressed. Additionally, the criticisms that this perspective holds against its opposing view, namely deontological ethics, are mentioned, and finally, an explanation of the preferred opinion in this field is provided.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Marzieh Sadeghi (1) Abstract: The present article aims to state the criterion that moral philosophers have provided regarding the rightness and wrongness of moral judgments; however, since in the author's view, the virtue ethics perspective possesses a deeper position, the criticisms and reviews conducted regarding this view have been addressed.
Keywords: virtue, value, ethics, motivation, duty, moral principles ______________________________ 1 - PhD student at the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tehran Introduction: The subject of ethics, especially since the late twentieth century, has acquired a special priority and importance, because for all humans, knowing the principles of correct behavior for the purpose of living well plays an essential role; therefore, we also examine one of the topics of moral philosophy, namely the criterion for the correctness or incorrectness of moral propositions and judgments.
Examination of three perspectives: "virtue-based ethics," "act-based ethics," and "complementary ethics" 1- The act-based ethics perspective This perspective, which is also known as the cognitive ought or deontological view, believes that the value of an action does not depend on its result and effects, but rather on whether it is based on moral principles.
One is happy with the successes of others and saddened by their failures, while the other is happy with their failures and saddened by their successes; as long as their external actions are identical, proponents of act-based ethics consider both to be equally moral; whereas from the perspective of proponents of virtue-based ethics, the second person lacks a necessary moral inclination, and therefore has a moral duty to change their inclination.
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