چکیده:
In this article, the issue of the semantics of attributes is examined from the perspective of Mulla Sadra. The great Muslim philosopher, using ontological discussions and their related principles, approaches the attributes of God Almighty. In the ontological issue, by addressing the principles of semantic sharing and the gradation of existence (tashkik al-wujud), he demonstrates that the claims of anthropomorphism (tashbih) and absolute transcendence (tanzih) are invalid, and provides evidence that existence is used in a gradational manner in both the Creator and the created. He also shows the aesthetic attributes by referring to the reality of existence and proving the identity of the accidents of existence with the reality of existence, demonstrating that, like existence, they are a shared and gradational matter that is understandable by human reason.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the ontological issue, by addressing the principles of semantic sharing and the gradation of existence (tashkik), he demonstrates that the claims of anthropomorphism (tashbih) and absolute transcendence (tanzih) are invalid, and he provides reasoned arguments that existence is used in a gradational manner in both the Creator and the created.
(Khwarazmi: 211) (1) However, regarding the essential attributes, the Mu'tazilites, in order to negate any kind of similarity between the divine realm and the human realm, advocated for the negation of attributes; just as in the human world, if any attribute of perfection is considered for a human, the described and the attribute are understood as two separate matters, each having its own specific meaning, the same will be the case for the Exalted Truth.
In order to preserve the principle of monotheism as a belief and to ensure that similarity (tashbih) and anthropomorphism (tajsim) of the divine realm with the human realm is not required in any sense or concept, and so that absolute transcendence (tanzih) is achieved, attributes must be denied and removed, and one must maintain only the Essence.
The semantic sharing of existence is considered neither a perfection for the contingent nor a deficiency and shortcoming for the Necessary; rather, it is a conceptual discussion, and the issue of anthropomorphism and transcendence arises in the domain of instances.
Up to this point, it has been stated that the existence which is the axis of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy, and which manifests both in the Exalted Truth and in the contingents, is understandable for human intellects given the principles of mental intercommunion (ishtirak ma'nawi) and the gradation (tashkik) of its meaning, and thus neither anthropomorphism (tashbih) nor suspension (ta'til) is required.
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