چکیده:
This article first takes a look at the concept of economics in the West and how it evolved, then examines the debates and conflicts between economists—in the category of distinguishing between positive economics and normative economics—from the very beginning, and in this regard, attaches special importance to the role of values and value foundations. Then, the concept of economics in Islamic texts is discussed, and it is concluded that the concepts of scarcity, choice, and the management of scarce resources, which are the basis of common definitions of economics, can be inferred from these concepts. Regarding Shahid Sadr's theory concerning the separation and distinction between the science of economics and an economic school, and that Islam has an economic school rather than the science of economics, it evokes the same fruitless distinction between the normative and positive; the conclusion of the article is that while accepting the difference between a school and a science, the Islamic economic school can and must guide and direct the science of economics and Muslim economists.
خلاصه ماشینی:
He claims that the concepts of scarcity (5) , frugality (6) , and the precise financial management of households and other organizations were also derived from this same Latin concept of the word economics, and in the 18th century, it gained more widespread use alongside the generalization of the term "public administration" (7) .
With this definition, "Robbins" aimed to create economics as a scientific, theoretical, and positive science, and preferred to use the term "political economy" in relation to subjects such as monopoly, protection, planning, and government policies.
"Jidourist" among historians of economic thought considers "Nassau Senior" (2) to be one of the first economists to create the distinction between positive and normative in economic science.
"Senior" published his notes under the title "An Outline of the Science of Political Economy" (3) (4) and summarized economics in four principles: maximizing utility with minimum effort, population increase, increasing returns in industry, and the principle of diminishing returns in agriculture; he believed that these fundamental principles were unshakeable and that other issues would automatically be considered natural derivatives of them.
During this era, a large majority of economists followed this line of thought, where the dominant view of economic science, methodologically, is based on the rejection of moral, normative, and psychological elements.
They claim that in no science is a theory possible through observation free from valuation, and no economist can be morally impartial toward the issues and subjects raised, including economic issues.
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