چکیده:
This article examines the principles and criminal regulations, crimes and punishments mentioned in the Torah. In the first section, principles such as: the severity of punishments, the philosophy of punishments, and the proportionality of crimes and punishments are referred to. In the second section, types of crimes and punishments such as crimes against persons, sexual crimes, and crimes against property are enumerated, and in the final section, the judicial status of the Children of Israel during the time of Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) and the criminal procedure regulations of that time are examined.
خلاصه ماشینی:
2-1- Philosophy of Punishments Based on the existing verses of the Torah, the philosophy of punishments has mainly been "intimidation" and "general deterrence"; for example, in the Book of Deuteronomy, chapter 13, verse 11, regarding the philosophy of the death penalty for someone who invites people to apostasy, it is stated: "so that all Israel may hear and fear, and no more such abominable things be done among you.
Regarding indirect murder, in the Book of Exodus, chapter 21, verses 28-31, it is stated: 'And if an ox gores a man or a woman so that he dies, that ox shall certainly' Regarding the method of executing the punishment of retaliation, no specific type has been determined; however, it can be inferred from certain verses that hanging the criminal has been common in crimes warranting execution.
" In chapter 13 of the Book of Deuteronomy, verses 6-16, it is also stated that: "If your brother, the son of your mother, or your son or daughter, or the wife of your bosom, or your companion, who is like your own soul, entices you, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which neither you nor your fathers knew" "of the gods of the peoples who are around you, whether they be near you or far from you, from the end of the earth to its other end" "you shall not relent to him, nor listen to his voice, nor your eye be merciful unto him, nor spare him, nor hide him" "but you shall certainly kill him; first your hand shall be upon him to kill him, and then the hand of all the people" "and you shall stone him with stones until he dies, because he sought to turn you away from the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage" "that all Israel may hear and fear, and no such abominable thing shall be done again in your midst.
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