خلاصة:
For some 3 million years, the archaeological record is characterized by stone tools
undergoing incremental changes. Then around 40,000 years ago, the monotony of
lithics is terminated by a profusion of visual representations, generally considered to
be the world’s first objets d’art. This collection include a series of portable objects,
especially figurines and, later on, the famous cave paintings from western Europe, as
well as lesser-known shell-beads in the Levant and painted slabs in Australia. Despite
myriad forms and geographic diversity, the figures of this period consistently exhibit a
level of sophistication surprising for humanity’s first alleged dabbling in art.
Scholars argue over the rate at which art truly emerged. Natural objects engraved
with simple geometric designs have been purported to be artistic precursors — the
beginning of a gradual trajectory from primitive to developed art. Scientific analysis
has confirmed that the appearance of some of these artifacts is consistent with an
anthropogenic origin. However, even if they are man-made, the meaning of these
objects is unclear. Rather than representing artistic antecedents, they may belong to a
separate class of human activity, more akin to modern doodling. This suggestion
seems rather plausible due to the fact that the archaeological record has crude
geometric etchings and masterful realistic creations, but very little in between. If these
categories are part of the same trajectory, where is the middle of the curve?
ملخص الجهاز:
Javad Neyestani1, Mohammad Jafar Hatamian2, Hossein Sedighian3 Received: 2011/10/25 Accepted: 2011/12/26 Abstract Undoubtedly, pottery is among the most important information types that can help understand societies and cultures better.
Despite introducing pottery known as Sultān Abād and its classification over the last few decades, very limited information has been published so far on the origin of its type and about archeological sites containing them.
However, various pottery pieces of different Sultān Abād types have been obtained during various archaeological excavations and surveys.
Technical and Decorative Features of Sultān Abād Pottery These pottery types which are among the typical 1313AD pottery show white frit alkaline silica texture with a color range of white and buff including buff, whitish buff and reddish buff (Morgan,1995:19).
For example, pottery bowl sets of New Saray with black pen designs and thick white cover on a gray background with blue dots on white background can be compared with the second style of Sultān-Abād in terms of decoration and history (Lane, 1971:14).
These containers, like many other species of glazed porcelain, have been discovered for the first time by smugglers of ancient monuments, and were introduced to museums and collections around the world as Sultān Abād pottery.
Some researchers have also pointed to sites such as Ave, and have expressed that this city has been a pottery production center in Sultān Abād, but no sample of this type has been found in excavations of this site (Khatib Shahidi, 2006 & 2007).