خلاصة:
The main objective of this research is to analyze the content of primary education textbooks based on happiness components such as positive affect and life satisfaction. The statistical population consists of all primary school textbooks; including 36 volumes in the academic year 1389-1390 in eight Persian titles (Let's Read), Persian (Let's Write), Science, Heavenly Gifts, Heavenly Gifts (Workbook), Quran, Mathematics, and Social Studies. The statistical sample includes seven titles: Persian (Let's Read), Persian (Let's Write), Science, Heavenly Gifts, Heavenly Gifts (Workbook), Quran, and Social Studies. The theoretical framework of this study is the theoretical perspective of Argyle, Martin, and Lou and the related components. The method of content analysis in the present research is Shannon entropy, and the unit of analysis was pages (text, questions, exercises, and images). In addition, to complete the information, a qualitative data collection method, namely interviews with students, was used. The results obtained from the data analysis show that in the books, more attention has been paid to the positive affect component than the life satisfaction component. Furthermore, each of the indicators of the aforementioned components has not been addressed in a balanced manner, and the textbooks have not covered the happiness components proportionally. Additionally, the interview results show that students felt pleasure and satisfaction with the content of the textbooks (value, structural, emotional, and interest categories). However, among the mentioned books, the book 'Let's Read' has caused more happiness for students than other textbooks.
ملخص الجهاز:
These frequencies are distributed into two general concepts: positive affect (being smiling or smiling when interacting with others, humor and joking with others, performing physical exercises, watching nature and beautiful landscapes and enjoying them, relationship with God, prayer, and supplication, performing religious ceremonies and rituals) and life satisfaction (satisfaction with living with family, satisfaction with being with friends, satisfaction with performing work, hope for the future).
Open coding table of satisfaction and pleasure in interviews with students Categories Sub-categories Structure: Interesting topics - gaining information - learning - beautiful images; Good ethics: doing good work - altruism - affection for others - humor Customs and Nowruz Eid - national flag - traveling in Iran - familiarity with national myths national symbols Performing prayer - reading Quran - praying - talking to God - visiting shrines - supplication - Religion and worship: gratitude - Taklif celebration - Mawlid Eid - biographies of Imams - Quranic stories - Quranic messages Affect: parents - brothers and sisters - friends - family Recreation: going to the market - exercising - mountaineering - playing - traveling - outings - going to the park; Nature: landscapes - seasons of the year - zoo Work and practical activity: conducting experiments - performing tasks - participating in decision-making - thinking and intellectual School: interest in school Table 10: General categorization table of happiness concepts in interviews with students Table 10.
In this direction, this research intends to examine the content of primary school textbooks based on the components of happiness, including positive affect (being smiling or smiling when interacting with others, humor and joking with others, performing physical exercises, watching nature and beautiful landscapes and enjoying them, relationship with God and prayer and supplication, performing religious ceremonies and rituals) and life satisfaction (satisfaction with living with family, satisfaction with being with friends, satisfaction with performing work and hope for the future) and the extent and presence of each of these concepts in textbooks.
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