خلاصة:
Islamic ontological and epistemological foundations, on one hand, are not compatible with the methodological distinction between natural sciences and social sciences, and on the other hand, they do not accept the dominance of natural science methodology over social sciences. However, since fields of knowledge or disciplines of science share common goals, common subjects, and common origins, and form a single truth with various levels, their research methods are similar. Methodological exclusivity causes narrow-mindedness in researchers regarding the complexities of reality and its various aspects or layers. The approach of compositional monism in epistemology is the basis for a combined approach in methodology, creating a wide spectrum of appropriate and compatible research method combinations that are applied according to the situations and issues of each field. In addition to rejecting methodological exclusivity, attention to the foundationalist approach, benefiting from normative knowledge, considering the characteristics of the researcher in the validity of research, paying attention to the third level of reality, and generalizing the interpretive methodology of social sciences to natural sciences are other principles of methodology derived from Islamic foundations.
ملخص الجهاز:
In addition to rejecting methodological exclusivity, attention to the foundationalist approach, benefiting from normative knowledge, considering the characteristics of the researcher in the validity of research, paying attention to the third level of reality, and generalizing an interpretive methodology from social sciences to natural sciences are other principles of methodology derived from Islamic foundations.
Epistemological Approaches Affecting Research Methodology Describing the history of those epistemological debates that have influenced the formation of research methods is outside the scope of this article; however, it is necessary to explain that attention to the validity of knowledge findings and the effort to reduce related deviations and distortions has always been a concern for thinkers and philosophers.
Today, almost all thinkers agree that social circumstances determine knowledge by shaping the known and the knower (Groove, 1970) from this the necessity of validation and moving beyond social and personal elements affecting the ways of attaining science is seriously pursued, which fuels extensive debates in the field of research methodology.
In the ontological interpretation, reason is considered a transcendent, active, necessary, eternal entity, independent of material objects and exclusive to humans, which makes true knowledge possible.
Therefore, the efforts related to research methods and tools for verification and validation of science take on a specific form after the dualistic perception of "man as the knowing subject and the world as the object of knowledge.
(Barwood, 1998) Methodological openness relies not only on the general demand for research methods to recount reality but also considers the ability of epistemological propositions to convey the reasons and results of experiences and interpretations.
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