Abstract:
Cognitive mistake is considered the basis of all human psychological abnormalities. This study aims to explore the conceptual model of cognitive mistakes in the Holy Quran using a mixed method of content analysis and quantitatively validation by experts. The findings of this research indicate that cognitive mistake consists of two components: error cognition and erroneous logic of thought: a) Superstition, superficiality, and fear of otherwise God provide the grounds for following conjecture and imagination. b) yielding to pressures, haste, and belief in vains lead to selective perception. c) Traditionalism, self-superiority, and hostility -disbelief in the realm of error cognition (the first component) pave the way for the distortion of truths. d) All components of erroneous logic of thought (following conjecture, imagination, selective perception, distortion of truths) culminate in “illogical deduction,” which is the central factor of cognitive error in the Holy Quran. The quantitative study findings showed that the CVI index for sub-components ranged from 0.88 to 1, and the CVR index for sub-components ranged from 0.78 to 1. Therefore, cognitive mistake in the Holy Quran has a conceptual model with content validity that can be measured through a tool constructed.
Machine summary:
The findings of this research showed that cognitive error consists of two components: error cognition and error-producing thought logic: A) superstition, superficiality, and fear of other than God provide the ground for following conjecture and fantasy; B) gullibility, suggestibility, and haste lead to selective perception; C) traditionalism, narcissism, and stubbornness-unbelief in truth within the realm of erroneous cognitions (the first component) provide the ground for the distortion of facts; D) all components of error-producing thought logic (following conjecture, fantasy, selective perception, distortion of facts) with the addition of "illogical reasoning" is the central factor of cognitive error in the Holy Quran.
Keywords: Cognitive errors, conceptual model, error-producing thought logic, Holy Quran, interpretation Introduction Correct knowledge in accordance with reality is an important factor for finding the truth and becoming aware of the positive aspects of life.
In addition to pointing out the possibility of error in sensory cognition and providing examples of perceptual errors, such as "perceiving a mirage instead of water" (An-Nur: 39), the Holy Quran considers relying solely on sensation and sensationalism to be a blight on cognition and knowledge; it regards those who, for various reasons, lack the ability to infer non-sensory matters from sensory signs as being among the heedless, stating about them: "They have hearts with which they do not understand, they have eyes with which they do not see, and they have ears with which they do not hear" (Al-A'raf: 179; Beheshti, 1999, p.
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