چکیده:
The investigation of Habermas’s political ideas of philosophical perspective and measuring his philosophical principles ratio, which is the deliberative democracy, is a purpose of this study that will be followed. On the one hand, the importance of this issue is this that represents the new readings of democratic standards and on the other hand, consolidates one type of the democracy that has an epistemological distinction with the liberal democracy. Because of this, it is trying to analyze the philosophical foundations of Habermas, and the main components and standards of reinforcing ideas of deliberative democracy to be explained. The findings of present paper suggesting the political views and beliefs of this political philosopher that are arisen from his philosophical thought, has been based on the standards and teachings of communicative action, discourse ethics, rational consensus and public spheres; In addition, the theory of Habermas’ democracy with the discourse consensus has a relatively flexible capability to confront the globalization challenges and from one perspective tries to realize the real sovereignty of people over their own fate.
Liberal Democracy; deliberative democracy; Globalization; Public sphere - rational consensus; communicative ratio
برررسی اندیشههای سیاسی هابرماس از دیدگاه فلسفی و سنجش نسبت مبانی فلسفی او با دموکراسی
مشورتی هدفی است که در این پژوهش دنبال میشتود. اهمیت این موضوع از یک سو بیانگر خوانش
نوینی از موازین دموکراسی است و ازشوی دیگز قنوام خش سنخی از دموکراسی است که با
دموکراسی لیبرالی تمایزی معرفت|شناختی دارد. ازاین سعی بر آن است تا ضمن تجزیه و
تحلیل منظومهی فلسفی هابرماس» مهمترین مؤلفهها و موازین اندیشههای مقوم دموکراسی رایزنانه
ایضاح و تبیین گردد. در این راستا از بهرهگرفته میشود و تلاش می گردد تا
با کمک رهیافت تطبیقی این مسیر ,گرفته شود. یافتههای نوشتار حار حاکی از آن است که آرا و
عقاید سیاسی این اندیشمند سیسق که برخاسته از تفکر فلسفیاش میباشد بر موازین و آموزههای
کنش ارتباطی» اخلاق اجماع عقلایی و حوزهی عمومی استوار شده است؛ به علاوه نظریهی
دموکراسی هابرماس با اجماع گفتمانی» از قابلیت به نسبت منطقی برای مواجهه با چالش های جھانی
شدن برخوردار است و از یک منظر تحقق حاکمیت حقیقی مردم بر سرنوشت خویش را وجه همت
خود قرار داده است
خلاصه ماشینی:
15 Introduction The Islamic Republic has ratified the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air (known as the 1929 Warsaw Convention), which established between member states a uniform liability framework for air carriers.
Article 55 of the Convention provides that it shall prevail over any rule, which apply to international carriage by air between state Intl.
Article 3 (5) provides that "Non-compliance with the provisions of the foregoing paragraphs shall not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage, which shall, nonetheless, be subject to the rules of this Convention including those relating to limitation of liability.
1. The Montreal Convention Adopted Strict Liability Under the Warsaw Convention, an air carrier is presumed to be at fault once the damages occur to a passenger or his/her baggage.
Strict Liability in Iranian and Islamic Laws According to general rules (Articles 50, 493, 22 Intl.
Therefore, as a general rule, in various cases, both Islamic and Iranian law have accepted strict liability and it can be extended to the carriage of passengers and Intl.
On the other hand, Iran by becoming a party to the Montreal Convention will enjoy benefits to its tourism industry, because passengers will travel with a strength sense of tranquility and safety and this matter shall bring more profitability to air companies and in the long term will compensate part of insurance costs.