چکیده:
ﺯﻫﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ، ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺎﻻﺕ، ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺖ، ﻧﻮﺭ ﻋﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺣﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺯﻫﺮﺍ )ﺱ( ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﮑﺎﺀ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺋﻤﻪ )ﻉ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺫﺍﮐﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ )ﺱ( ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﮑﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ٠٧٢١ ﻕ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ٥٥٣١ ﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ، ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺯﻫﺮﺍ )ﺱ( ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﮐﺒﺮﻱ )ﺱ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ، ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ٠٧٢١ ﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﮔﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻧﺴﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﺷــﻮﺭﺯﻧﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ )ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ( ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﺖ، ﺣﺠﺎﺏ، ﺍﺩﺏ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺯﻫﺮﺍ )ﺱ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﺔ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ، ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺆﮐﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ.
Some of the main characteristics of saint Fatemeh are: piety، wisdom، maturity، honesty and hijab. Unfortunately، limited illustrations of herlife have been found، few of which arein Toofanolboka.This book was one of the most important and popular books of the Qajar era among common people،especially the eulogists. The data were collected from library sources and field research. This survey was performed based onthe study of the available lithographic illustrated manuscripts of Toofanolboka between the years 1270 to 1355(AH) in National Archives of Iran، usingcomparative-analytical method to express and evaluate the symbols، compositions and the pictorial qualities of Saint Fatemeh’s life and characteristics including her hijab. Also the question is what are the distinctive features of Saint Fatemeh’s illustration in comparison to the other illustrated characters? How were the atmospheres and the relation to the meanings of the images، and whether a style from a particular era was followed? With regard to the results، this book،contains the most illustrations of Saint Fatemeh of any lithographic manuscripts، which has gradually been forgotten. Despite the previous findings of researchers، the first available lithographic manuscript belongs to the year 1270 (AH).Atmospheres، expressive forms and other elements of these works in many cases follow the court painting in the Qajar era and the mythological expression in the arts of ancient Iran and Renaissance. The artist، used (black and white) sketching style to depict her hijab، luminosity، courteousness and beautythrough an ideal aspect، charactercentered، firm and balanced atmosphere، and the limbs and clothing are drawn in a manner that the attention is usually called to Saint Fatemehthrough the intended elements، though some of these illustrations were not completely successful.