چکیده:
C onsidering the normative nature of the theories of justice, a distinguished theory of justice could be formulated based on the fundamental teachings of Islam. Hence a new set of indexes are required to put this new concept to test. Through detailed study of the Islamic teachings, the research seeks to formulate a comprehensive theory on economic justice (based on various economic rights). In this theory, removing poverty and unjust inequality is one of the dimensions of justice, but by no means all of it. Then a composite indicator of economic justice was proposed based on this conceptual framework. The indicator was confirmed by 30 experts using the Delphi method with zero (0) as the worst (lowest) economic justice and one (1) as the best (highest) situation. Calculating this indicator for Iran’s economy during 2001-2010 showed a minor drop to 0.48 from 0.52. The most important factors in the deterioration of economic justice were the failure to comply with intergenerational justice, limited guarantee for property rights, and exploitation of common resources.
خلاصه ماشینی:
After the publication of A Theory of Justice (Rawls, 1971) which introduced the principles of a fair social contract as the criteria for justice, other thinkers tackled this issue using other approaches; Posner (1973) assumed the maximization of welfare and the overall wealth as the criteria for the just rules, Deworkin (1981) introduced resource equality as the pivotal principle of justice, Walzer (1983) distinguished between different social domains and identified certain criteria for each and came up with the idea of Complex Equality, and Sen (2009) opposed the transcendental approach to justice and stressed the amelioration of comparative indexes and enhancing the capability of people to fulfill their objectives instead.
On the other hand, redistribution is necessary when involuntary poverty is concerned: that is, those who, for some reasons out of their control, cannot Economic justice subject: Humans observing the rights of humans subject: Property observing the rights of community Ownership Transaction Redistribution Utilization (in production or consumption) Source: Khandoozi (2012) Fig. 1.
Human Poverty Index (HPI), which is an evolved offshoot of Human Development Index, is closer to the optimal index in the sense that it encompasses different welfare and redistributive aspects (Alkire and Foster, 2010); however, since it does not include all scopes of economic justice in Islam, such as justice in transaction and contracts, it is considered an incomplete indicator just like others.