چکیده:
Zola, in his book The Experimental Novel, introduces the aspects of what is now called the naturalistic novel. Later on, Zola’s ideas were exported to the English literature and the works of English novelists. George Gissing is one of the English authors who have successfully adopted the premises and the key elements of Zola’s naturalistic novel in their work. This paper deals with the naturalistic and Zolaist essence of George Gissing’s novel, The Nether World. The crucial aspects of Zola’s experimental and naturalistic novel are first discussed. Then the idea of determinism and its connection to the novels of Zola and Gissing’s The Nether World comes to light. Finally, the subject of Gissing’s treatment of the presence of women and their entrapment in deterministic webs of life is discussed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Gissing’s Zolaist determinism and the heroines of The Nether World Susan Poursanati1 Abstract: Zola, in his book The Experimental Novel, introduces the aspects of what is now called the naturalistic novel.
In The Nether World, Gissing looks at Michael Snowdon’s idealism that go so far as to changing the life of a International Journal of Women’s Research Vol. 3 , No. 2 , Autumn & Winter 2014-15 woman, Jane, and obliging her to remain unmarried till the end of her life with a critical eye.
The aim of the experimental method, the goal of all scientific research, is therefore identical for living bodies and for inanimate bodies: it consists of finding the relationships that link a given phenomenon to its immediate cause, or otherwise stated, of determining the conditions necessary for the manifestation of that phenomenon (Zola as cited in Bloom, 2004, p.
" Gissing by manipulating the details of the personal life of his characters and the macro social forces, manifests a unique understanding of International Journal of Women’s Research Vol. 3 , No. 2 , Autumn & Winter 2014-15 the inhabitants of The Nether World.
Finally, Gissing can be considered as a follower of Zola’s school of naturalism in The Nether World as he practices the central Gissing’s Zolaist determinism and the … elements of experimental novel in his work; however, he adds another extreme to a theory which was extremist itself, and that extreme is the double disaster of his female characters who are under the power of both a patriarchally-determined society and a male author."