چکیده:
ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﻫﺎی آﻫﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﺎی آﺑﻲ اﻧﺤﻼل ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺎرﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ اﺷﻜﺎل ﻛﺎرﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب،ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴّﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ی آﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮورت ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ی آﺑﺮﻳﺰ درﭘﺮﭼﻴﻦ، ﻳﻜﻲ از زﻳﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻫﺎی رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ی ﺑﻴﺪواز در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﻫﺎی آﻫﻜﻲ اﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻛﺎرﺳﺘﻲ در آن ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻛﺎرﺳﺖ زاﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴّﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻲ و آﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ای اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺮزﺑﻨﺪی اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎی ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ، ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎی زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ای ﻛﺎرﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮض را در ذﻫﻦ ﺗﺪاﻋﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺎرﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﭼﻮن ﻟﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮژی، ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻮژی، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴّﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﻜﻲ و آب و ﻫﻮا ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮ ﮋی از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺤﻼل، ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ، ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ و ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮی اﺷﻜﺎل اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻮژی، ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻻی اﻧﺤﻼل آب اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ و ﻋﺪم اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﻮد را در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺷﻜﺎل ﻛﺎرﺳﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ در رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﻻی آن ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮف اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ اﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﮔﺴﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﺠﻲ در ﺷﻤﺎل و ﮔﺴﻞ اردﻏﺎن در ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴّﺖ ﺧﻮد ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺎرن ﻫﺎی ﺷﻴﺎری و ﭼﻜﺸﻲ را در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوی وارده ازﺳﻮی ﮔﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ، ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ را ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت اﻧﺤﻼل آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮده و اﺷﻜﺎل ﻛﺎرﺳﺘﻲ را ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورده اﺳﺖ. ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ دﻣﺎ و ﺑﺎرش ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮی در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. دﻣﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﻮاع ﻫﻮازدﮔﻲ و ﺑﺎرش از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺎرن ﻫﺎی ﻻﻧﻪ ی زﻧﺒﻮری و ﻛﺎرن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎراﻧﻲ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﻮد را در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮده است.
Areas of the earth, which are covered by limestone formations and dissolved by water flows, are called karst areas. Due to the fact that karst forms play an important role in water resources, tourism and development activities, their study is considered a necessity. Darparchin basin is one of the sub-basins of the Bidvaz River in northeastern of Iran, that due to the calcareous formations , various forms of karstic has formed in it. In this article, it is tried to study and identify the factors affecting on karst production in this basin, in order to control these factors in development activities and basin planning. In order to achieve this goal, after specifying the boundary of this basin, by using the library method , field studies, topographic maps, geological maps and satellite images , the karsts of this basin were identified and studied. Early studies have suggested that in the formation of karsts in this basin, factors such as lithology, hydrology, tectonic activity, and climate have played a greater role. After studying these factors, lithology was found to be effective in shaping the basin through dissolution, porosity, fracture and type of rocks coating. In terms of hydrology, the high water dissolution capacity of this basin and the lack of conformity of its sub branches with the geological structure played a role in this field. Also, the ranking of this basin revealed that the largest and most diverse forms of karst in the basin formed in its high ranks. In terms of tectonics, the three sides of the basin are surrounded by faults, the fault of Hame Ghaji in the north and Ardaghan fault in the south of the basin has facilitated the process of forming the groove and hammer carneys in this basin. Also, the force exerted by faults has damaged the rocks and provided the situation to dissolve them by water penetration and created karstic forms. Regarding the effects of climate, it has been found that among the climate parameters, the temperature and precipitation had a more important role. Temperature through different forms of weathering and precipitation through its influence on the formation of honeydew carneys, rainfall carneys and vegetation cover has played their role in this respect