چکیده:
Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at delivering social
values, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rapidly growing at a significant rate across the professional sport
industry and its related organizations. Despite the growing body of research in this area, measuring CSR is still
problematic. Objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an efficient, valid, and reliable measure of
CSR reflecting the responsibilities of sport industry. Methods. Based on a proposed conceptual framework of CSR, a
scale was developed via a standard procedure for developing instrument measures. In this study, to determine and
assess the underlying factorial structure, convergent and discriminate validity of measurement scale, exploratory and
confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Data was collected from 640 sport fans in Iran’s Football Premier
League. Results. The results of the analysis provided a five-dimensional structure of CSR in sport, such as
economic, philanthropic, ethical, legal, and environmental issues. These dimensions explained 50.827% of the total
variance. In addition, the KMO measure was computed and the results indicated an index of 0.927. Moreover, the
values of Cronbach’s alpha obtained for five factors ranged from 0.848 to 0.967. The results show the reliability and
validity of this new scale in sport industry. Conclusion. This study implies that from a consumer’s perspective, CSR
is perceived as a set of attributes; therefore, it is important for a professional sports team’s management to
understand fans’ interest in social issues and fans’ responses to various CSR programs.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"In this regard, the authors conceptualize CSR based on sustainable development, and stakeholder theory, and, as well as, considering the Carroll’s (1979) model, to designate a multidimensional scale for the measurement of social responsibility in sport industry.
The authors followed Churchill’s (1979), methodological proposal (59), based on a standard procedure for developing instrument measures, in order to design a new multi-item scale that includes items previously used in marketing literature regarding CSR.
Second-Order CFA of the Dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility The interesting result of this study is the confirmation of the multidimensional nature of CSR, which is in line with the findings of previous research (43,48,60,61,64,68,69,77,78), undermining the fact that the theoretical frameworks employed in some of these studies are different from those employed in the present research.
Thus, in this study, combining sustainable development and Carroll’s (1979) model from the perspective of sport consumers (as stakeholder) for a multidimensional scale for the measurement of social responsibility in sport industry was confirmed.
These findings are in line with the work of Carroll and Shabana (2010) that enterprises need to have profitability then fulfill their corporate social responsibility (81), and Huang et al (2015) that professional sport teams have to value players’ rights (54).
First, although the proposed measurement scale employs a balanced combination of factors in each of the dimensions and provides a useful tool for measuring CSR in sport industry, not all items described in the literature are used in the model presented here."