چکیده:
رفتار مسیریابی در فضای شهری از طریق دریافت اطلاعات از محیط انجام می شود. در اختیار داشتن اطلاعاتی شامل مکان قرارگیری، مبدا، مقصد و ارتباطات میان آ نها منجر به سهولت تصمی مگیری در انتخاب مسیر می شود. لذا استفاد هکنندگان از محیط نم یتوانند بدون اطلاعات، به ادراک محیط و ذخیره اطلاعات در ذهن خود بپردازند. هدف از این پژوهش تشخیص ارتباط میان اطلاعات محیطی، نحوه ادراک محیط و الگوهای رفتاری مسیریابی مردان می باشد. به منظور گردآوری داده ها، از روش ای کیفی شامل، پرسشنامه، مشاهده و شبیه سازی استفاده شده است. حجم جامعه آماری برابر با 150 نفر از مردان در خیابان های امام رضا )ع(، دانشگاه و امام خمینی در شهر مشهد است. همچنین تحلیل اطلاعات از طریق تحلیل های آمار Cramer’s V Test و Chi-Square انجام شده است. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان م یدهد، اهمیت عوامل کالبدی راهنمای مسیریابی برای مردان در هنگام انتخاب مسیر متفاوت است. مردان در اولویت اول از راه ها به عنوان راهنما استفاده نموده و در مرحله بعد در هنگام حرکت در طول مسیر تقاط عها برایشان دارای اهمیت است. ساختمان های شاخص در محیط برای رسیدن به مقصد در اولویت سوم بوده و در آخرین مرحله مردان از علائم راهنما کمک م یگیرند. از سویی دیگر، مردان در میان انواع ابزارهای مسیریابی ترجیح م یدهند از طریق جستجو کردن در محیط و استفاده از جهات اصلی مسیر خود را تشخیص دهند. عوامل راهنمای بصری برای مردان، در صورت قرارگیری در محل تقاطع و سبک معماری متمایز بیشتر در مسیریابی مورد توجه م یباشند. همچنین ساختما نها با تعداد طبقات زیاد و قابلیت رویت از فاصله دور در صورتی که دارای رنگ سفید نیز باشند به عنوان هدای تگر مردان در رسیدن به مقصد صحیح استفاده می شوند.
Routing in the urban area is possible by having environmental information. Information such as current location, destination and connections between them, facilitates the route selection process. Environment perception and data storage in mind would be impossible without this information. So the spectator would be disoriented in way- finding if he doesn’t have access to clear environmental information. To have an accurate way- finding behavior, explicit environmental information is necessary. Environment should be designed for men as users of space such a way they find their path to success. The results of such studies can have a significant impact on urban planning and design. The combination of environmental information in the process of identifying the environment and accessible way-finding aids are both lead to ease the way-finding process. All the accessible tools and aids are valuable for individuals. Getting lost in an environment is not an appropriate feeling. When a person can find his/her way with no difficulties, she/he can have a comfortable feeling and is eager to find out more about the environment. In contrast, having difficulty in finding one’s way around can lead to anxiety and stress. Familiarity with the environment can lead to peace in mind, ease in navigation, and would reduce the mistakes along the path also in selecting the path. Repeating the same path can increase the familiarity of a path and this is particularly valuable for the complicated environments and paths. When people are familiar with the path, they tend to use their cognitive map in their way-finding process. In contrast, when the environment is new for individuals, they tend to ask others along the route or utilizing way-finding aids in their way-finding. Unfamiliar people would select their path based on environmental information or their previous knowledge of that place. Information (or knowledge???? which one do you mean?) people get from the environment result from their perception of different parts of the city. The way-finding aids that people are using differ depending on the familiarity of them with the environment. Most of the way-finding aids such as maps, street signs, and other signage are utilized among people who are less familiar with the environment. The combination of environmental information in the process of identifying the environment and accessible way-finding aids are both lead to ease the way-finding process. All the accessible tools and aids are of value and have unique value for individuals. Searching in the environment and asking passengers were the examples of way-finding aids. Normally men were searching for their way through following the clues and the tendency in way-finding. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between environmental information, environmental perception and behavioral patterns of men in way- finding process. The data collection in this study is based on the qualitative methods such as questionnaire, observation, interview and simulation. This study includes 150 randomly selected individuals in Imam Reza, Daneshgah and Imam Khomeiny streets in Mashhad downtown. Data analyzed by chi-square analysis and the v-test crammers’ done. The results of this study show the importance of physical factors and Routing Guide for Men choosing a different path. The men in the urban area are associated with the selected route. There are signs in the third priority is to reach the destination. In the men’s final of the signs and directional signs will help. The presence of men in urban areas is associated with the selection of their routing practices. On the other hand, men prefer to search through the use of principal directions in the environment and to identify its direction. Visual guide to male factors, the location at the junction, distinctive architectural style and distinction in routing performance are considered. Also, buildings with high levels of visibility from adistance with white color can guide men better as well as guidance to be used in reaching the correct destination. There is a correlation between way-finding aids and the aim of the travel among the male participants. Men with the aim of working in the area were mostly utilized coordinate system, land makrs and visual features of the built environment in their navigation. In comparison, those who were travelling to the area with the aims of working or worshiping were looking for clues in their way-finding. Men because of the tendency of using clues were mostly used coordinate systems and environmental features. Men were trying to utilize environmental and visual features of the environment in order to find their way. In some cases they were not tended to utilize oral aids like asking others.
خلاصه ماشینی:
نتايج حاصل از اين مطالعه نشان ميدهد، اهميت عوامل کالبدي راهنماي مسيريابي براي مردان در هنگام انتخاب مسير متفاوت است .
مهم ترين هدف در اين مقاله ، تحليل عوامل کالبدي ـ بصري مؤثر بر الگوهاي مسيريابي مردان و همچنين روش ها و سياست هاي مورد استفاده آن ها براي انتخاب مسير ميباشد.
بخش دوم ، به معرفي محدوده مورد مطالعه و روش هاي مورد استفاده در پژوهش ، گروه هدف و فرآيند انجام کار پرداخته ، بخش سوم شامل تشريح موضوعات و تحليل يافته ها بوده و در نهايت در بخش چهارم به نتيجه گيري پرداخته شده است .
ممکن است در مواقع بسياري در طول مسير حرکت ، هيچ گونه اطلاعاتي در دسترس نباشد، در اين شرايط فرد ناظر ميتواند با استفاده از روش آزمون و خطا و جستجو کردن در محيط تصميم گيري کرده و يا با دنبال کردن علائم راهنماي پي در پي به دنبال يافتن بهترين مسير براي رسيدن به مقصد باشد )١٩٩٢ ,Passini &Arthur (.
جدول ٤: عوامل کالبدي ـ بصري مؤثر بر مسيريابي و معيارهاي سنجش (رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) يافته هاي پژوهش حکايت از اهميت تعداد طبقات به عنوان مهم ترين معيار در انتخاب مسير براي مردان دارد.
(. Handbook of Environmental Psychology New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lost in Hyperspace: Cognitive Mapping and Navigation in A Hypertext Environment.
Human Wayfnding and Cognitive Maps.
), Wayfnding Behavior-Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes.
), Wayfnding Behavior-Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes.
Sense of Direction, Spatial Orientation, and Cognitive Maps.