چکیده:
At a time when religion has assumed a particular potency in shaping and defining inter-community and inter-state relations the world over, the need for evolving alternate understandings of religion to creatively deal with the fact of religious pluralism has emerged as a pressing necessity. This is an issue for concerned and socially engaged believers in all religious traditions. This paper deals with how, contrary to widely-head stereotypical notions, Islam can be interpreted to promote inter-faith dialogue and amity between followers of different faiths. This discussion centers on the work of a noted Indian Muslim scholar-activist, Asghar ‘Ali Engineer, seeing how he deals with the primary sources of Islam in order to develop an Islamic theology of pluralism and social justice. Given the fact that in many parts of the world today conflicts involve Muslims and people of other faiths, Engineer’s creative approach to the Qur’an offers us an alternate way of imagining Islam and Islamic rules for relations between Muslims and others.
در زمانی که دین در شکل دادن و تعریف روابط بین جامعه و بین دولت در سراسر جهان قدرت ویژهای را به عهده گرفته است، نیاز به تکامل درک و فهم دین برای مقابله خلاقانه با واقعیت کثرت گرایی دینی به عنوان یک ضرورت مهم مطرح شده است. این مسئله برای مؤمنین نگران و درگیر اجتماعی در تمام ادیان وجود دارد. این مقاله به این موضوع میپردازد که برخلاف تصورات کلیشهای گسترده اسلام را میتوان به عنوان مروج گفت و گو میان ادیان و روابط بین پیروان مذاهب مختلف معرفی کرد. این بحث درمورد کار یک محقق برجسته، فعال و مسلمان هندی، اصغر علی انجینیر است، و بررسی میکنیم که چگونه او با منابع اصلی اسلام به منظور توسعه کلام اسلامی در حوزه کثرت گرایی و عدالت اجتماعی سر و کار دارد. با توجه به اینکه امروزه در بسیاری از نقاط جهان درگیریها بین مسلمانان و افراد دیگر ادیان است، رویکرد خلاقانه او نسبت به قرآن یک روش جایگزین برای تصور اسلام و احکام اسلامی برای روابط بین مسلمانان و دیگران ارائه میدهد. این رویکرد به اسلام، اسلام را به جای ابزاری برای جنگ و خونریزی به عنوان ابزاری برای صلح معرفی کرد که میتواند راهگشا و الهام بخش برای کار در جهت حل مسالمت آمیز بسیاری از درگیریها که در آن مسلمانان درگیر هستند فراهم کند.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This discussion centers on the work of a noted Indian Muslim scholar-activist, Asghar ‘Ali Engineer, seeing how he deals with the primary sources of Islam in order to develop an Islamic theology of pluralism and social justice.
Indeed, to claim that one can gain access to the total truth of the Qur’an, and to insist that the historical shari’ah, which is a product of human reflection on the divine commandments, represents the Will of God, has no justification in Engineer’s understanding of Islam.
It is, he obliquely suggests, tantamount to commit the biggest sin in Islam, that of claiming infallibility, which is akin to shirk or the crime of associating partners with God. Engineer contends, Muslims can only hope to gain further, but always limited, understanding of the Divine Will, by engaging in constant reflection on the Qur’an in the light of new and unfolding circumstances.
For Engineer, a truly Islamic theology for contemporary India is one that takes the context of multiple oppressions and the existence of religious plurality seriously, and is at the same time based on what he sees as the cardinal values of the Qur’an.
The third, and more promising, form of dialogue is when social activists, along with socially-engaged theologians, come together, each inspired by his or her own religion, to work for common social projects and causes, such as social justice, peace, love and harmony between people of different faith traditions.
In formulating a relevant Islamic theology of religious pluralism for India, Engineer is forced to come to terms with traditional Muslim understandings of Hinduism as a religion and of Hindus as a faith community.