چکیده:
منظر، دیدگاهی نو در ارتباط انسان و محیط، و نحوه تفسیر فضا ارائه می دهد. دیدگاه نوین منظر به محیط و فضای زیست انسان، حاصل تغییر در نگاه سنتی و کلاسیک به رابطه انسان و محیط است. با این نگاه، رویکرد «حفاظت از مناظر شهری تاریخی» که تحت عنوان HUL شناخته می شود، یکی از رویکردهای نوینی است که جهت پاسخگویی و حفاظت گسترده از منظر مراکز تاریخی شهرها ارائه گردیده است. تلاش این رویکرد بر آن است تا با یک نگاه مکان محور، چشم انداز حفاظت تاریخی را به کلیه ارزشهای تاریخی فرهنگی که در منظر شهرهای تاریخی بروز می یابند، گسترش دهد. یکی از مولفه هایی که می تواند در این میان مورد توجه ویژه قرار گیرد «نظام رنگی» منظر بافتهای تاریخی است که بازتابی از هویت و فرهنگ بومی مکان می باشد. بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه روشی جهت ارزیابی «نظام رنگی» منظر بافتهای تاریخی با نگاه ویژه به مباحث و کیفیتهای دخیل در ادراک زیباشناختی است. بدین منظور پس از بررسی مبانی و دستیابی به چارچوب نظری پژوهش معیارهای ارزیابی بر اساس چهار گروه کیفیت دخیل در ادراک زیباشناختی مکان استخراج، و در محله حسنآباد با استفاده از تکنیک های پرسشنامه و دلفی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد بهره گیری از الگوهای رنگی دارای پیشینه نمادین در معماری مکان، استفاده از مصالح بوم آورد، تلفیق منظر طبیعی و مصنوع و حفاظت از پالت رنگی واجد ارزش در ساخت و سازهای جدید، نقش تعیین کننده در ارتقاء ادراک زیباشناختی نظام رنگی منظر بافتهای تاریخی ایفا مینماید.
Landscape renders a new view in relation to human and environment and the way the space is interpreted. The modern view of landscape to human environment is the result of a change in the traditional and classical view to the relationship between human and environment. It seems that the new sense of landscape can be a guideline in this field and prepare a purposeful interaction among various dimensions in the conservation of historical fabrics. With this view, the approach “Conservation of Historic Urban Landscape”, known as HUL, is one of the modern approaches provided to meet the requirements and widely protect the historical urban landscapes. This approach attempts to expand the prospects of historical conservation to all historical and cultural values shown in historical urban landscapes. With regard to the conservation of cultural landscape of cities, what is of great importance is the identification of background and native elements in each place; and these documents merely take general trend and suggestions into consideration. The vast elements and factors involved in the formation of landscape necessitates that each element be studied by considering its nature; and based on this, one of the elements which can be specially taken into account is the “Color Order” of historical fabrics landscape, which is a reflection of native culture and identity of the place. Due to their psychological, aesthetic and symbolic roles, colors have been merged with the culture of nations, and have been registered in their collective sub-conscious minds. The identification of various dimensions of the presence of color and achieving the relationship between using special colors for special elements and concepts in the landscape can create sustainable urban spaces in the citizens’ minds. Based on this, the present research aims to present a method for the evaluation of “Color Order” of historical fabrics of landscape with a special view to issues and qualities involved in aesthetic perception. The question raised in this research is what roles colors play in creating and promoting the aesthetic qualities in historical fabrics landscape, and how this role can be evaluated and estimated. As far as the method is concerned, this research is classified in the applied research group. For this purpose, in the first step, after studying the fundamentals and achieving the theoretical framework of the research based on various levels of effect human receives from color, the relationship between this effect and the hierarchical model of Mazello’s human needs, on the one hand; and the position of color aesthetics performance; on the other hand, was expressed. In the next step, the evaluation criteria based on four quality groups involved in the aesthetic perception of location were extracted, and were evaluated in Hassanabad Neighborhood using questionnaire and Delphi techniques. The research findings revealed that using color patterns with symbolic backgrounds in place architecture, using native materials, merging natural and artificial landscapes, and conservation of color pallets worthy to be used in modern construction play a determining role in the promotion of aesthetic perception of Color Order of historical fabrics of landscape. Apart from that, studies related to the preparation of “Comprehensive plan for environment color”, which is a firm base for color identification as one of the effective elements in identifying the identity of places, and rendering scientific and widely-used methods of “Color Analysis” should be taken into consideration as complementary and support studies or this research.