چکیده:
پیاده راه های شهری واقع در بافت مرکزی شهرها بعنوان مرکز تنفس کالبدی و اجتماعی شهرها محسوب شده و اثرات هویتی –مکانی متعددی در توسعه پایدار شهر دارند. پژوهش حاضر به شیوه تبیینی- تحلیلی با ماهیت کاربردی به بررسی اترات ایجاد پیاده راه های شهری در ارتقاء و حفط هویت و حس مکانی شهروندان در بافت مرکزی شهر با نمونه موردی پیاده راه امام شهر زنجان پرداخته است. گردآوری داده ها بصورت میدانی و کتابخانه ای بوده است که داده های گردآوری شده در نرم افزار SPSS پیاده شده و با استفاده از آزمون آماری تی تک نمونه ای، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چند متغیره گام به گام تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها صورت پذیرفت. شاخص های سنجش هویت و حس تعلق مکانی رد غالب 5 شاخص اصلی تنوع فرهنگی، دلبستگی مکانی، ایمنی و امنیت،حس خاطره انگیزی و سرزندگی فضا می باشد. نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد سطح شاخص های ایجاد کننده هویت و حس تعلق مکانی در پیاده راه شهر زنجان از حد استاندارد بالا بوده و نزدیک به حد مطلوب می باشد. همچنین شاخص های هویت و حس تعلق مکانی با همدیگر همبستگی با جهت مثبت و متوسط داشته و بطور پیوسته با همدیگر عملکرد یافته اند. میزان اثر هر کدام از شاخص ها در ضریب رگرسیونی استاندارد نشده مشابه ولی در ضریب تعیین استاندارد شده( مستقیم و خالص) متفاوت از هم می باشند. اثر شاخص های مورد بررسی بر هویت و حس تعلق مکانی منجر به تعدد میزان و زمان حضور در فضای پیاده راه شده و مراودات اجتماعی را توسعه داده است.
Introduction: . The continuation of such a process has led to a decline in civic life and urban civilization (Karimi Consultant and Negin Taji, 2012: 7). Meanwhile, urban sidewalks, which date back to about 70 years ago, especially in Germany and the Netherlands, serve as a linear space with maximum social role (Cohen, 2010: 875). According to Jacobber, urban streets and sidewalks are the main and most important part of urban public places and are the most important part of it (Jacobs, 1965: 26). The stability and dynamism of the space on urban sidewalks is so effective that it leads to the creation of suitable nodes for pausing, sitting and watching (Sheikhi and Rezaei, 2017: 90). According to Leiden, pedestrianism, pedestrian movement, good design, and creating good opportunities for pedestrian movement are effective in increasing social interactions and strengthening social capital (Leyden, 2003: 6). Pedestrianism is one of the methods that lead to civic revitalization in urban centers and the presence of citizens in public places, interactions and social solidarity (Cratan, 2008: 81). Safety and security, accessibility and permeability, vitality, identity, diversity and mixing, attractiveness, beauty and visual fit, readability, comfort and convenience, shortness and continuity are among the indicators that affect the urban sidewalk ( Carmona, 2002: 107). Methodology: The research method in the present study is of explanatory-analytical type with applied nature. The method of data collection in research is library, documentary and field. In order to formulate theoretical foundations, research indicators, library studies were used in most books, articles, dissertations and researches. In order to obtain the information of the study area, the field method with the framework of observation and questionnaire has been used. Data analysis of t-sample statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multivariate regression were used. Results and discussion: In general, the findings show: • Indicators of cultural diversity, spatial attachment, safety and security, sense of memory and spatial vitality of the sidewalk of Imam Shahr Zanjan is above average and close to the desired level. The average total of the indicators is about 3.9, which is higher than the set standard (3) and close to the desired level (4). • Evaluated indicators are significantly related to each other and have a positive correlation with each other and are consistent with each other. As the decrease or increase in the amount of one index affects other indicators. • Based on the results of Pearson test, the indicators of identity measurement and the sense of spatial belonging on the sidewalk of Zanjan city are effective at 99 and 95% confidence level. The indices have a moderate and positive correlation with each other, so that on average, the indices have a total Pearson coefficient of 0.566 with a confidence level of 99%. • Based on the results of multivariate regression test, the five indicators affect each other step by step and each of them has a different effect on the dependent variable of identity and sense of spatial belonging. The value of the coefficient of determination is 1.000, which indicates that the five independent variables cover 100% of the dependent variable of identity and sense of spatial belonging. • The amount of share and effect of each variable on the dependent variable (identity and sense of spatial affiliation) is similar based on the non-standardized coefficient (20%). However, according to the standardized coefficient, net (direct and real) are different from each other, and each of the five variables has a different effect on the dependent variable of identity and sense of spatial belonging. • The effect of spatial attachment and cultural identity variables on identity and sense of spatial belonging is higher so that the effect of these two variables is more than 40%. • The five indicators of identity and sense of place belonging due to the high average coefficient, their relationship and effectiveness have been able to have a stimulating effect on pedestrians and increase the sense of being in space and belonging to it. • Considering the average number of times citizens visit (4.05 times a week) and the reasons for attending the sidewalk (58% turnover and shopping), as well as the amount of pauses and stops on the sidewalk (average 46 minutes), the texture and physical space of the city center Strengthening and enhancing the city's identity and spatial affiliation. Conclusion The results showed that urban sidewalks in general and Zanjan sidewalks in particular, especially sidewalks located in the central and historical context of the city, despite the challenges and problems, has slightly reduced the physical and automobile density of the city and Instead, increase the density of social relations. The sidewalks have been able to play a role in attracting the population with their social impact, and by creating a relaxing atmosphere along with the historical elements and elements, they have created a breathing center in the heart of the city. Walking in the central part of the city by awakening the sense of nostalgia for the past history and identity of the city in a car-free space will increase the identity and sense of belonging to the place and expand the multiplicity of pedestrians in the space and stabilize the permanence of social space. The results of this study showed that the effect of the studied indicators of Zanjan sidewalk was qualitatively and quantitatively increasing and was able to improve the tensile capacity of the respiratory space of the central part of the city. Despite the different effects of the studied indicators of identity and sense of spatial belonging of Zanjan sidewalk, all indicators related to each other have been effective in the development of identity and spatial sense of sidewalk. So that the correlation of indicators with each other is mainly positive and the indicators in general have a correlation of more than 50% in improving the level of identity and sense of place. Keywords: sidewalk, identity, sense of place, Zanjan city