چکیده:
مناسب سازی مولفههای کالبدی فضاهای عمومی علاوه بر ارتقاء سطح کیفیت محیط میتواند تعاملات و روابط اجتماعی بین شهروندان را تا حد زیادی افزایش دهد. چنانچه این فضاها پاسخگوی نیازهای و خواستههای فردی و اجتماعی شهروندان باشند، می-توان بخشی از فعالیتهای زندگی فضای داخلی شهری را سرزنده نماید. با درک این موضوع مسئله اصلی پژوهش حاضر نیز تاثیر مولفههای کالبدی فضاهای عمومی در ارتقای تعاملات اجتماعی منطقه 22 شهر تهران میباشد. پژوهش حاضر کمی-کیفی و دارای ماهیت کاربردی و روش انجام آن نیز توصیفی-تحلیلی میباشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش نیز کلیه شهروندان ساکن در منطقه 22 کلانشهر تهران میباشد. حجم نمونه نیز براساس فرمول کوکران برابر 359 نفر محاسبه شد. شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات به روش کتابخانهای-میدانی (مشاهده و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته) است. در تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم افزارهای SPSS و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در محیط AMOS استفاده شد. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد بین متغیرهای کالبدی و تعاملات اجتماعی با ضریب 0.315 رابطه معناداری برقرار است. همچنین بین دو متغیر ادراکی-روانشناختی با متغیر تعاملات اجتماعی نیز رابطه معنادار برابر 0.666 برقرار است. رابطه معناداری دو متغیر کالبدی و متغیر ادراکی-روانشناختی نیز برابر 0.590 محاسبه شد. بار عاملی ضریب رگرسیونی تاثیر مولفههای کالبدی، ادارکی رواشناختی بر تعاملات اجتماعی نیز به ترتیب برابر 0.567 و 0.736 میباشد. که تاثیر متغیرهای فوق بر تعاملات اجتماعی را در سطح بالایی تائید مینماید.
Today, cities around the world are experiencing a different way of life, and the growth and development of cities has led to extensive social changes (Mamaghani et al, 2015: 34). These changes have reduced the level of communication between people; As the size of cities increases, the speed of change increases and the density increases; Citizenship and social relations, which are the basic principles of the city, have been undermined. By focusing on human spatial needs in the living environment, researchers have considered a number of issues, including social interaction, to be important. The characteristics of human and environmental studies show that the study of physical space requires consideration of activities in it (Taghipour and Soltanzadeh, 1396: 80). The sociability of space is so great that many theorists have emphasized the impact of this quality on social interaction and attachment to the place of living. According to these theories, the quality of social interactions in place also affects attachment to place (Pol, 2002: 13). The rate of success in public space is proportional to the amount of use of that space and human presence in it. Therefore, architecture and urban planning should seek to increase social interaction and solidarity of human beings (Daneshpour and Charkhchian, 2007: 21).. Adapting public places in residential complexes, in addition to improving the quality of the residential environment, can greatly increase social interactions and relationships between residents. If these spaces meet the residents' individual and social needs and desires, some of the activities of life can be transferred from the interior to the open space of the complexes and compensate for the shortages of life in low-area residential units. Residential complexes that were once supposed to be located in the middle of green, beautiful and low-density spaces, create quality environments and a favorable environment for social interactions of residents, gradually became high-density apartment complexes (Discovery Et al., 2012: 8). Residents of these complexes today not only do not enjoy the benefits of communal living, but also see it as a factor in undermining their sense of privacy and individual life. This issue has caused disorders in the lives of residents and as a result has made human beings more and more distant and lonely, so it is necessary to create a balance between solitude and social interaction of human beings, which is achieved through physical concepts and Socio-cultural concepts that create psychological contexts are also possible (Yazdani and Teymouri, 2012: 84).Residential complexes that were once supposed to be located in the middle of green, beautiful and low-density spaces, create quality environments and a favorable environment for social interactions of residents, gradually became high-density apartment complexes (Discovery Et al., 2012: 8). Residents of these complexes today not only do not enjoy the benefits of communal living, but also see it as a factor in undermining their sense of privacy and individual life. This issue has caused disorders in the lives of residents and as a result has made human beings more and more distant and lonely, so it is necessary to create a balance between solitude and social interaction of human beings, which is achieved through physical concepts and Socio-cultural concepts that create psychological contexts are also possible (Yazdani and Teymouri, 2012: 84).Residential complexes that were once supposed to be located in the middle of green, beautiful and low-density spaces, create quality environments and a favorable environment for social interactions of residents, gradually became high-density apartment complexes (Discovery Et al., 2012: 8). Residents of these complexes today not only do not enjoy the benefits of communal living, but also see it as a factor in undermining their sense of privacy and individual life. This issue has caused disorders in the lives of residents and as a result has made human beings more and more distant and lonely, so it is necessary to create a balance between solitude and social interaction of human beings, which is achieved through physical concepts and Socio-cultural concepts that create psychological contexts are also possible (Yazdani and Teymouri, 2012: 84).Understanding this issue, the main problem of the present study is to explain the physical, perceptual-psychological components affecting the promotion of social interactions in public places of residential complexes in District 22 of Tehran. The present study is quantitative and qualitative in nature. The method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Parsia, Baran and Erfan residential complexes in the 22nd district of Tehran. The sample size was 359 according to the Cochran's formula.The method of data collection is library-field method (observation and researcher-made questionnaire). SPSS software and structural equation modeling were used in AMOS environment for data analysis. The research findings showed that there was a significant relationship between physical variables and social interactions with a coefficient of 0.315. There is also a significant relationship between the two perceptual-psychological variables and the social interaction variable equal to 0. 666.The significant relationship between the two physical variables and the perceptual-psychological variable was also calculated to be 0.590. The factor of the regression coefficient of the effect of physical and perceptual components on social interactions is 0.567 and 0.736, respectively. Which confirms the effect of the above variables on social interactions at a high level.