چکیده:
حس تعلق به مکان به عنوان عامل ارتقاءدهنده تعامل وارتباط میان فرد با محیط، رفاه ذهنی فرد و یکی ازعناصر کلیدی توسعه پایدار محلی در فضاهای شهری است؛ لذا شناخت حس تعلق و عوامل موثر بر آن و راههای ارتقای آن یکی از موضوعاتی است که میتواند به ارتقای شرایط زیستی و محیط کالبدی منجر شود. از میان عوامل متعددی که بر حس تعلق افراد موثر است، نقش انگیزی و میزان خوانایی محیطی از طریق نشانه های فضاهای شهری است. در خصوص شکل گیری نقشه ذهنی ساکنین محلات برگرفته از نشانه ها و عناصر نمادین اهمیت ویژه ای دارد. در این مطالعه ضمن تحقیق در خصوص عوامل موثر بر شکل گیری نقشه های شناختی و افزایش نقش انگیزی نشانه های شهری بر نحوه اثر بر حس تعلق ساکنین پرداخته شده است. به این منظور شش محله از شهر زنجان (به نامهای سبزه میدان، سعدی، کوچه مشکی، انصاریه، کارمندان و گلشهر) که در سه بافت تاریخی، میانی و جدید هستند، برای مطالعه انتخاب شدهاند. تعداد 300 پرسشنامه برای سنجش حس تعلق افراد استفاده شده و به دو روش میدانی و تحلیل نرم افزاری مطالعه صورت پذیرفته است. علاوه بر تهیه پرسشنامه، نقشه های ذهنی پرسش شوندگان نیز از طریق ترسیم و تحلیل آنها استخراج شده است. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه نشان میدهد که میان حس تعلق ساکنین و نقشه شناختی شکل گرفته در ذهن ساکنین و تعداد نشانه های اشاره شده در هر یک از نقشه ها رابطهای مستقیم و معنادار برقرار است. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش میزان حس تعلق در مکان نقشه های شناختی ساکنین نیز تقویت و ارجاعات ذهنی بیشتری به نشانه های محیط می گردد. مطالعات نشان داد ساکنین محلاتی که در بافتهای تاریخی و میانی هستند به دلیل تعدد نشانه های نمادین و معنایی در گذر زمان نسبت به محلات جدید از حس تعلق بالاتری برخوردارند.
The sense of belonging to the place as a factor promoting interaction and relationship between the individual and the environment, the individual's mental well-being and one of the key elements of sustainable local development in urban spaces; Therefore, recognizing the sense of belonging and the factors affecting it and ways to improve it is one of the issues that can lead to the improvement of living conditions and physical environment. Among the many factors that affect the sense of belonging, the role of motivation and the degree of environmental readability through the signs of urban spaces. Regarding the formation of the mental map of the inhabitants of the neighborhoods, taken from the signs and symbolic elements, it is of special importance. In this study, while researching the factors affecting the formation of cognitive maps and increasing the role of urban signs on the effect on residents' sense of belonging has been studied. For this purpose, six neighborhoods of Zanjan city (namely Sabzeh Maidan, Saadi, Black Alley, Ansariyeh, Karmandan and Golshahr) which are in three historical contexts, middle and new, have been selected for study. 300 questionnaires were used to assess people's sense of belonging and the study was conducted by two methods: field and software analysis. In addition to preparing a questionnaire, the mind maps of the respondents were extracted through their drawing and analysis. The results of the study show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the sense of belonging of residents and the cognitive map formed in the minds of residents and the number of signs mentioned in each map. In other words, with the increase of the sense of belonging in the place of the residents' cognitive maps, more mental references to the signs of the environment are strengthened. Studies have shown that residents of neighborhoods that are in the historical and middle contexts have a higher sense of belonging than new neighborhoods due to the multiplicity of symbolic and semantic signs over time.The present research is in the field of descriptive-analytical research in terms of applied purpose and method. Data collection was done by documentary-library method and field method. In this study, in order to receive the mental image of the residents and to investigate the effect of the sign on the residents' sense of belonging, six neighborhoods in Zanjan have been studied. These neighborhoods include Sabzeh Maidan, Saadi, Black Alley, Ansariyeh, Karmandan and Golshahr. These six neighborhoods have different antiquities and are located in the inner (historical), middle and new context of Zanjan city. Based on the Cochran's formula and based on the fact that each neighborhood has several residents, a total of 300 questionnaires were prepared in these six neighborhoods, of which 50 questionnaires were distributed equally in each neighborhood.Signs of urban spaces with a feature such as memory recall, identity orientation and promoting a sense of belonging to the place play a significant role in urban spaces. Hence, signs are considered as an important tool to maintain and promote a sense of belonging. The sense of belonging as what used to be interpreted as the feeling of being at home and is now considered as an emotional bond between person and place, is influenced by several factors. These factors include physical, social, perceptual and cultural factors. Among these factors, the perceptual and motivational factor formed by the symptoms is effective on the sense of belonging of individuals, which has been studied in this study. A study that was conducted in the field by completing a questionnaire by residents of six neighborhoods in Zanjan. The purpose of this article was to investigate the role of urban space signs in promoting a sense of place. The obtained data were performed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression. The results showed that the sense of belonging of people with more signs in the mind map is higher than other people. The degree of sense of belonging was analyzed and the significant relationship that was done in Pearson test using SPSS software was analyzed for each of the specific areas and after matching with the mental images obtained.Most of these people are located in historically and middle-aged neighborhoods where there are more signs. In the second level of belonging, where people with average belonging are in the middle and historical neighborhoods. These people also had the most signs in their cognitive maps that were of physical and activity type. They also belonged to a physical and active species. At the last level, the people with the low sense of belonging were mostly living in new neighborhoods, which indicated fewer signs in their mental maps, and these signs were mostly purely physical or purely functional. Findings show that there is a direct relationship between the signs of urban spaces and the sense of belonging to the place with 0.623% and with a strong and significant intensity. This means that with the increase in the number of urban space signs in the studied areas, the sense of belonging to the place also increases among the residents. And with the expansion of this matter, more suitable conditions and contexts are provided to promote the sense of belonging to the place in the neighborhoods. In general, we can point to the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable of approval and a significant relationship between them.