چکیده:
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نیازهای بازار کار نسبت به تخصص هنرجویان شاخه های فنی - حرفه ای استان قم انجام شده است. این پژوهش پیمایشی و از نظر هدف کاربردی می باشد جامعه آماری شامل کلیه هنرآموزان استان قم و نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران 259 نفر و روش نمونه گیری سهمیه ای طبقه ای بود. داده ها توسط پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و چک لیست رشته ها در شاخه فنی- حرفه ای (40 رشته ) و شاخه کاردانش (161 رشته ) جمع آوری شد. . روایی محتوا توسط اساتید مربوطه مثبت ارزیابی شد و پایایی با آلفای کرونباخ78/0محاسبه شد. برای بررسی داده ها از آزمون کولموگروف اسمیرنوف، t تک نمونه ،آزمون فریدمن استفاده شد.یافته ها نشان داد در حوزه آموزش های فنی - حرفه ای رشته های مکانیک خودرو (با میانگین رتبه ای 65/15) ،تاسیسات مکانیکی(با میانگین رتبه ای 31/15)، صنایع دستی فرش (با میانگین رتبه ای 74/14) و درشاخه کاردانش، عیب یابی سیستم های رایانه ای،تولید وتوسعه دهنده پایگاه های اینترنتی،ماشین های الکتریکی و برنامه نویسی بازی های رایانه ای،اولویت های بازار کار استان قم هستند.در این پژوهش موارد جدیدی برای مدیریت آموزشی در حوزه شاخه های فنی حرفه ای و کاردانش در استان قم معرفی گردید که در نهایت بستر مناسبی برای رشد اشتغال و کاهش بیکاری هنرجویان هنرستان ها فراهم می آورد. پیشنهاد می شود مدیران آموزشی اولویتهای شناسایی شده را در برنامه های خود بگنجانند و مبنای فعالیت های آموزشی خود را بر اساس نتایج حاصله از تحقیقات علمی ازجمله تحقیق حاضر قرار دهند تا آموزش های ارائه شده به اثربخشی بیانجامد.
Extended Abstract Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the needs of the labor market for the specialization of students in technical-professional branches of Qom province.. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population included all teachers in Qom province and the sample according to Cochran's formula was 259 people and the stratified quota sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and a checklist of disciplines in the technical-professional branch (40 disciplines) and the vocational branch (161 disciplines). Content validity was evaluated positively by the relevant professors and reliability was calculated to be 0.78 with Cronbach's alpha. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, Friedman test were used to analyze the data. 15/31), carpet handicrafts (with an average rank of 14.74) and in its field of expertise, troubleshooting computer systems, production and development of Internet sites, electric machines and computer game programming, market priorities The work of Qom province. In this study, new cases for educational management in the field of professional technical branches and skills in Qom province were introduced, which ultimately provides a good platform for employment growth and reducing unemployment among high school students. It is suggested that educational administrators include the identified priorities in their plans and base their educational activities on the results of scientific research, including the present study, in order to make the training provided effective. Introduction Industrialized and developing countries, in order to accelerate their movement towards social and economic development, seek to better and more economically exploit their important source of production, namely manpower. (Genmaoui, 1991) The importance of technical-vocational education And its impact on economic development is not hidden from anyone. Today, technical-vocational education leaders must take advantage of the potential opportunities that the new era brings with great responsibility and wisdom, by providing flexible leadership for their institutions (binNasir, 2021) There is a lot of evidence that increasing the level of skills by increasing investment in vocational training has enhanced the economic potential of countries (Abdollahi, 2016). By conducting a needs assessment for the vocational education curriculum, any inconsistency between the needs of the community and the skills of the graduates can be prevented (Rosina etal, 2021). Technical-professional training is one of the main methods of training specialized personnel. In this regard, as long as managers have a clear knowledge and understanding of their vision and direction, they can clearly define organizational goals and strategies for employees. 2020) The progress of many countries has been achieved by relying on increasing the skills of human resources, but based on existing research findings, it seems that in our country, the graduates of these trainings are not in line with the intended goals (Abbaszadeh etal, 2018 (In order to improve the quality of technical and vocational education curricula, it is necessary to tailor the curricula to the professional needs of businesses and the link between employers and planners (Shafi, 2021). Goals and missions defined for t The truth of goals is set (Hadavand, 2020. Although in the field of vocational education implementation, the influence of determining factors related to resources and stakeholders is very key (Caves et al., 2021), it seems that some levels of education are not organized in technical schools (2021 (Sangita). Paying attention to creating a connection between technical education and the labor market and trying to measure the climate needs in the distribution of technical disciplines will increase the efficiency of the professional technical field and is one of its needs. It is not possible to work and look at work (Statement in the meeting between teachers and workers, 1378/2/19). Considering that the lack of connection between the field of education and the labor market causes the loss of national capital, efforts to create information and communication bridges It is essential to link industry and the job market to in-school training. In fact, short-term and medium-term goal setting in the education of the provinces based on the results of field research in the field of labor market and industry needs, paves the way for development, so the question can be asked that the labor market needs of Qom Who are the graduates of this field? Theoretical framework A review of theoretical foundations and research shows the importance of technical-vocational training in developed countries, for example, vocational training in Germany is often presented as a dual system, ie teaching and learning is done in two environments. : One in the workplace such as factories, workshops, service offices and the other in part-time technical-vocational schools and a person who learns skills in a dual style is both a workplace intern and a student at school (Alavi Ilkhchi and Khosravi Babadi , 2014. Findings of (Jalilian etal,2017) showed that there is no correspondence between the existing performance of technical-vocational education with the desired situation (identified needs and priorities of education in Khorramshahr city. Research results The importance of needs assessment in the branches Demonstrates technical-professionalism to adapt to the labor market. Methodology The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students working in education colleges in Qom province in the academic year 1399-1400, which according to the organization Education was 796 people. In this research, the quota targeted stratified sampling method was used in which each technical-vocational conservatory was involved in sampling according to its number and proportion. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula of 259 people. Data were collected using library, field, questionnaire and evaluation checklists. Thus, by studying in the field of research, the main axes in two areas of external factors (attracting graduates in the labor market, willingness to employ graduates, matching market needs with graduates) and internal factors (launching new disciplines) Equipment, course content, management style, teaching method) were identified and researcher-made questionnaire questions were designed around these areas. Discussion and Results Prioritization of labor market needs of Qom province in the field of technical-professional fields according to the significance of Friedman test related to the field of automotive mechanics with an average rank of 15.65 in the first priority, the field of mechanical installations with an average rank of 15.31 in priority The second and the field of handicrafts (carpet) with an average rank of 14.74 was in the third priority of the needs of the labor market of Qom province. The field of photography with an average rank of 11.16 has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province. The field of troubleshooting computer systems with an average rank of 25.55 is the first rank and the most need of the labor market of Qom province in the field of its specialized fields. Also, the field of shielding gas welding with an average rank of 21.14 ranks forty-sixth Qom province has the lowest labor market needs Conclusion The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of the labor market in relation to the expertise of students in technical-professional branches of Qom province. By comparing the findings, it was found that the highest and lowest needs of the labor market in Qom province The first priority is the field of mechanical installations in the second priority and the field of handicrafts (carpets) in the third priority. The field of photography has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province. The results are consistent with the results of research that introduces training in the field of machine industry and mechanics as a priority of technical-professional training. This study showed that the main priority of the labor market needs of Qom province in the field of computer systems troubleshooting is in the first place. Dedicates itself. These results are in line with the research findings that the priority of training employees is information skills, technical skills. According to this study, the lack of skills of professional technical graduates and their skills is related to the lack of workshop equipment in vocational schools. These findings are in line with the results of research according to which business tools and equipment are among the first priorities of professional competence for students and require more serious attention to the motivational, equipment, training and structural dimensions. This research was conducted during the corona outbreak, which made it difficult to access the audience in person, and to solve this problem, some questionnaires were sent to the audience through cyberspace. Considering the effect of using research findings in scientific decision-making, it is suggested that managers with technical expertise be used in the field of management in vocational schools. A close connection should be created between these two levels so that students can be in the conservatories from the beginning of entering teacher training and get acquainted with the needs and issues of students and complete their teaching skills in relation to these needs. In the end, it is suggested that the mass media produce and offer special programs in this regard at the same time as the selection of the field, so that the audience does not feel alienated from choosing the field in the technical-professional branches.