نویسنده: فیضی سخا، مهدی ؛
مطالعات شبه قاره بهار و تابستان 1401 - شماره 42 رتبه ب (وزارت علوم/ISC (20 صفحه - از 261 تا 280 )
مبانی مشروعیتِ ساختار سیاسیـمذهبی خوانین شیبانی، از سوی اندیشمندان حامی آن، براساس تبار و نسب آباء و اجدادی تبیین نشده است. بلکه این گروه، در جهت توجیه مقبولیت و مشروعیت حکومت شیبانیان را از مبانی و مؤلفههای دیگری در این زمینه بهرهبردهاند. که هدف از آن نشان دادن تمایز این ساختارِ مبتنی بر مذهب تسنن، با دیگر رقبا، بویژه با حکومت شیعه مذهب صفوی است، که تقریبا همزمان با این حکومت در ایران تشکیل شده است. درحقیقت، مؤلفههای مشروعیتبخشی نظیر مودعودگرایی و تأویلگرایی اساس این رویکرد را شکلداده است. ازجمله این اندیشمندان، فضلالله روزبهان خنجی است که بهعنوان مشهورترین اندیشمند حامی شیبانیان شناخته شده و نگرشهای مشروعیتبخشِ خود را در تألیفات متعددی، نظیر سلوکالملوک و مهماننامه بخارا، تدوین نموده و با بهرهگیری از مؤلفههای فوق، تلاشهای زیادی را در راستای این رویکرد مشروعیتبخش، انجام دادهاست. با این رویکرد خوانین شیبانی را با تأویل و تبیین آیات قرآن و همچنین، احادیث و روایاتی مانند حدیث مجدد مائه، حدیث حارث و اخبار ملحمه، مصلحینِ موعود و منجیانِ آخرالزمانی دانسته است که ظهور کردهاند تا ناهنجاریها و بدعتهای بوجود آمده توسط مخذولان، مناحیس و مبتدعان صفوی را از بین ببرند.
Extended Abstract The foundations of the legitimacy of Shibani's religious-political structure have not been explained by his supporters on the basis of ancestry. Rather, the group has used other bases and components to justify the acceptance and legitimacy of the Shebanian government. Its purpose is to demonstrate the distinction of this Sunni-based structure with other competitors, especially with the Shi'ite Safavid state, which was formed almost simultaneously with this government in Iran. In fact, legitimacy components such as opportunism and interpretivism form the basis of this approach. Among these scholars is Fazlullah Roozbehan Khaji, who is recognized as the most famous patron of the Shibanians and has developed his legitimizing attitudes in numerous compilations, such as Sukul al-Muluk and Bukhara's guestbook, using many of the above-mentioned works, Is data. With this approach, he has read Shibani by interpreting the Qur'anic verses as well as hadiths and narrations such as Ma'e's re-narration, the Hadith of Heresy and the related news, the promised expansions and the apocalyptic saviors that have emerged to be caused by anomalies and heresies. Destroy the Safavid beginners Keywords: Sheibanis, Basics of legitimacy, Prophecy, Interpretation, Fazlullah Rozbahan khonji Introduction Structuralisms created by political. religion Khvanin Uzbek at the Transoxiana in tenth century shall resume political structure arose by tribal- clan organizations in this region, like Teimurid it counted, and make it considerer menaces who almost paralleled Safavid rule, composed in this area has offered ad it’s as one of the political and religious Safavian rivals on several fields. In other words, Uzbek tribes who were Sunnis of religion they possess Mongols gens[subtenly1989], after overthrow the last Teimurid survivors Transoxiana [qatgan117:1375] with the Safavids that venture to promote Shiite religion, encountered and therefore extensive conflicts in ideology,political and military arena between them is a figure. Especially when these encounters cause the guestion of legitimacy at the sight apiece these political structures, it is very important different ways herein accede, in order to proof they legitimacy from one side and in the other side reject competitor legitimacy to operate. Thus, the Uzbek Khavnin was very focused on this approach and in many cases, with the help of its government-backed thinkers, sought to legitimize and accept the various pillars of their government. Problematic, in some cases contrast caused between them and the Safavids in addition to reflection in historioriographical sources and jurisprudence text in correspondence between steepness Khavanin and Safavid king also between their sponsor scholars boasts. This writing legitimate idea of Fazlallah ruzbihan khunji, one of the most important theorists in Sunni religion reign, particularly Khavanin sheibani, after Abbasid Caliphate falling to place examine and probe. What the obviously necessitate doing such research, component reviews intended Ruzbihan khunji like Hadis Hares and Hadis Mujadad Maeeh at this point in time,in connection with this section acceptance approach, apply fo khavanin Sheibani Considering this topic, Sheibani what are the legitimate elements components based on that, this hypothesis is put forward that the religious component outclass on other elements of legitimacy like Uzbek tribal genealogists. Research methodology Research method for this penned,due to the nature of the subject, descriptive, analytical and method of data collection its library that utilizing the necessary and related resources,attempted to examine the fundamentals of these conflicts. Discussion After formation Safavid rule, at dominion who turned into enthusiastic and najiye sect That set arrange the field for the emergence of the absent imam [Sefatgol 67:1383] [caliph of allah on earth [Amini heravi,355:1383]. Suitable conditions for politics and religion theorists Sunni’s religion in Iran are gone as aresult, lots of them, they went ahead the way out of Iran in fact, Shia anti-semitism and Khunji nemesis into the Safavids cause that with Safavid empowerment, they forced to exit from Iran and stay at the Transoxiana political and religious areas, hence after joining Sheibanis, seeking to inferred these religious structures make the same ideal government, defined inculcate within romanist thought. In fact, with the Khunji approach in he's works, he tries to place Khavanin in the position of a Caliphate. Especially when he explains his thought in disburse different formats like Hadis Hares, Akhbare Malhame, Hadis Mujaded Maeeh, assigned provisions and meaning of it to Khavanin Uzbek,as the elect[russell16:2535]. Important point in the meantime is that Ruzbihan Khunji, after the collapse of the Abbasi government to theorists in this field and is trying to political one of the structures in this course, inculcate serves as alternative for this ideal ruler ship. in the end divination lottery fall for kings of AqQoyunlu and Khvanin Sheybani. Herein relation whatever bein in fazlallar uzbihan khunji solicitudeposed, millennium idea specially the promised and savior component at the khunji sight, providing favorable field to accept mil re-thinking. In fact, khunji with the aim of moderating this approach conventional and acceptable millennium periods of some groups and religions reduce to the level of centristism. Also, in order to legitimacy the sheibani government, its over hermeneutic. By happened investigation, specified the reference of this component in at his, it had a prominent position. Following this Uzbeks wars with the Cossacks knowing this proof verse[ayah]in suras[thirty-eight] towbe and with paraphrase this ayah, explicitly is writing [the warranter of this speech[talk]is Great place Khan][khunji,71:1341)with this orientation khunji after emphasizing the component of the promise own intended, in paraphrase[exegesis] ayah [ninth]surah al-hijr, done accordingiy and based on that , security guard Uzbeks to protect Islam against found heresies in faith [religion], specially caused by the safavian emergence innovation,[lbid,105] From this point of view and belief, because of the Khavanin uzbeks place is that Obidallah khan gain victory over king Gorkani, it means enumerated Muhammad babur,asthe god promise of truth and the sure victory. Conclusion The historical period leading to the ninth century and the beginning of tenth century can be one of the most important periods in the history of political theorists, in the history of iran and the Islamic world, Meant say, this period of sunni rule of Aq-qiunlunu and Uzbeke religion also emerged of the Shiite rule of the safavid religion and Ruzbihan khunji, as one of the outspoken supporters of this political and religious structure unmixed[pure]effort for the sake of legitimacy and he has accepted for them. In fact, he qualified the Uzbeks in this way known as a revival the norms of the Islamic shari'a, this field issue it came into being at presence course khunji at the Aq- qiunlunu court. But because of this short-term presence, did not find the opportunity to grow despite of this short term, long-term presence of khunji at the court of the Uzbeks, provided more opportunity for editing his idea. according to this he tries with writing works like Mehman-Nameyeh Bokhara and Solouok –Al-molook, that’s actually guideline rule based on sharia of Islamic. Writing Template and attribute that is necessary for the ideal society for Uzbeks. in fact, the issue of the political power and rule over Islamic society during the vacuum caused by abolition of abbasid rule is the most important issues of Ruzbihan khunji concern, he utilized elements and components like paraphrase and the promised, in format of Hadis Mujadad Maeeh, Akhbar Malhame and specifically Hadis Hares, it justifies the status and the legitimacy of the established government, khavnin Uzbek regards lawful kings as conditions and privileges on the Islamic community in the dignity of imam and caliph. from this point of view, Khunji the promised relying on same one of the prominent symbols of the Iranian city belief, that is, the risk component is formed and on that basis the rise of the safavids, he considers it a great danger to the muslim word and explain the various dimensions of this risk.he knows the safavids as the main cause of heresy and injurydamage to religion in addition to issuing fatwas, explicitly encourage khavanin Uzbek to Jihad with the safavids in the mustache of Aallah. It should reflect on and influence the khunji thoughts on other thinkers opinions the defender of Uzbek and also the thoughts of the rulers of this government. because he's at these different times like Sheibek khan , Obaid-Alah khan and Abdul-Mumen khan has been benefits from these components in correspondence and submissions letter for the safavids in many cases thay have resorted to it.it should also be noted that establishing legitimacy Uzbek governance based on raised elements and components in this article gives other elements oflegitimacy and acceptance especially the ethnic and tribal attribution element that is the main pillar of legitimacy [political structures]by the thinkers and theorists who support this rule should be ignored consciously and deliberately. References Afoshtei Nantzani, Mahmoud ibn Hedayatollah,Naghavat Alasar Fi Zekr Al-Akhyar, by Ehsan Eshraghi, Tehran: Book Publishing and Publishing Company, 1350. 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خلاصه ماشینی:شيعه ستيزي و کين ورزي فضل الله نسبت به صفويان ، به خصوص مطالب منتقدانۀ وي عليه حيـدر و جنيد که در عالم آراياميني بازتاب يافته و ايشان را ابليس ، اهل بدعت و خارج از دين خوانده است (خنجي، ١٣٧٩: ٢٨٥)، سبب شد که وي نيز با قدرت يابي صفويان ، مجبور به خروج از ايران شـده و رخت اقامت به حوزة سياسي و مذهبي ماوراءالنهر افکند؛ ازايـن رو، پـس از پيوسـتن بـه دربـار خوانين ازبک ، درصدد برآمد که حکومت شيبانيان را همان حکومـت آرمـاني، تلقـين کنـد کـه در چارچوب انديشه هاي وي تعريف شده بود؛ بنابراين در تبيين مشروعيت اين حکومت ، تلاش هـاي زيادي را سامان داده که نتايج آن در برخي از تأليفات وي نظير مهمان نامۀ بخارا و سـلوکالملوک، بازتاب يافته است . درواقـع ، خنجـي بـه عنوان نظريـه پرداز طرفـدار حکومت هـاي سـنيمذهب ، نظيـر آق قويونلـو، ازبـک و عثمـاني (عـالم آراي شاه اسماعيل ، ١٣٤٩: ٤٤)، گويسبقت را از همگنان خود ربود و علاوه بر مشروعيت بخشي به ايـن حکومت هــا، تلاش هــاي بيشــائبه اي در شــبهه افکني در مبــاني مشــروعيت صــفويان انجــام داد؛ بدين معني که از يک سو، از مؤلفه هاي متعدد درجهت مشروعيت بخشي به شيبانيان بهره منـد شـد و از سوي ديگر، درصدد برآمد با شبهه افکني در مباني مقبوليت صفويان ، مشروعيت ايشـان را انکـار کند؛ مسئله اي که با اين اغراض شبهه افکنانه توسط خوانين ازبک نيز بدان پرداختـه شـد؛ بـه عنوان نمونه ، شيبک خان در مجلس مناظره اي که با سفراي شاه اسـماعيل يعنـي نـورالله اسـني (Asani) و شيخ زاده لاهيجي (قزويني، ١٣٧٨: ١٢٦) برگزار کرد، تشيع را مذهبي مستحدث دانست که توسـط صفويان ساخته شده و به شدت آن را رد کرد (اميني هروي، ١٣٨٣: ٣٢؛ قزويني، ١٣٧٨: ٢٩).
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