چکیده:
تأویلهای ملاصدرا در مقالات و برخی کتابها مورد نقد قرار گرفته و معمولاً پذیرفته نشده است. در این مقاله شانزده مورد از نقدها پاسخ داده شدهاند و قواعدی که در پاسخ به نقدها آورده شده تبیین شدهاند. بر همین معیار اکثر قریب به اتفاق نقدهای وارد بر تأویلهای صدرا قابل پاسخ است که ما به مقتضای حجم مقاله به این موارد پرداخته ایم.قواعد مورد بررسی در اینجا عبارتاند از قاعده روح معنی، قاعده نگاه استقلالی به آیات، قاعده تأویل با تغییر زمینه متن، قاعده لزوم ضابطه مندی، ، قاعده اتحاد وجودی وقاعده اعتبارات مختلف عالم عقل؛ اما هدف اصلی مقاله پاسخ به نقدها بوده و چون این پاسخ نیازمند تبیین قواعد بوده است نخست به تبیین قواعد استنباطی پرداخته ایم. روش ما تحلیل بر اساس محتوا بوده و یافته تحقیق پاسخ پذیر بودن نقدهای موجود بر اساس منطق تأویل است.
Introduction: We mean the interpretation of the meaning of the
text in its own way, that is, the method of reason or the esoteric
method that can be rationally explained. Mulla Sadra's interpretations
have been criticized in articles and some books and are usually not
accepted. In this article, sixteen criticisms have been answered and the
rules given in response to the criticisms have been explained. The
same criterion can be answered for the vast majority of criticisms of
Sadra's interpretations, which we have dealt with in accordance with
the volume of the article. The rules under consideration here are: It is
a common and main meaning among different instances, which is
adorned with all the superfluous features of the instance to the extent
that it includes its single instance. 2. The rule of an independent view
of the verses; understanding the esoteric and interpretive dimensions
is not necessarily limited to the contextual links in the text of the
Qur'an and may be obtained by an independent view. According to the
explanatory basis of the Qur'an (which is obtained from the verses in
the description of the Qur'an), it is possible to look independently at
the verses and sections of the Qur'an, regardless of what is copied,
restricted and specific outside the Qur'an. Interpretation, regardless of
the specific frameworks of the narrations, is the cause of revelation
and is based on the evidence of the Qur'an itself. 3. The rule of
interpretation by changing the context of the text; the philosophical
basis of this rule of interpretation is that the worlds, while being
related to each other because they are truth and subtlety, also have
aspects of distinction and difference. Therefore, in the text of the
Qur'an, we find a connection between all the worlds and different
fields of human existence, and we see that the verses about nature and
the world and the heavens are side by side with the verses concerning
monotheistic teachings and psychic truths and speech. From the
heavens come side by side the discussion of the world of nature and
the earth and human beings and the talk of history according to the
world of nature and creation, and the Qur'an constantly communicates
between these spheres, which is why this interpretive rule (expression
One area in another area) is very useful. According to Mulla Sadra,
the scholar, man and the Qur'an are three different readings of a few
truths from the ways of interpreting the Qur'an, paying attention to this
correspondence. 4- The rule of necessity of discipline, the rules of
which will be mentioned in the text, therefore, any interpretation of
this rule is not accepted. 5. The rule of existential unity Another rule
that can be considered in the interpretations is the principle of
existential unity. We have in many narrations that the interpretation of
some Qur'anic truths has meant the Ahl al-Bayt (as). Found and their
souls are included. And 6- the rule of different credentials of the world
of intellect; The best reason to license something is to make it happen.
For example, the divine attributes from its single essence and the
abstraction of the concepts of goods and seasons from people of its
kind and the like, is the best reason for this rule. It is in these cases
that it is said that two or more things exist in one being. But the main
purpose of this article is to respond to criticisms, and since this
response needed to explain the rules, we first explained the inferential
rules. Our method is content-based analysis and the research finding is
the responsiveness of existing criticisms based on the logic of
interpretation. In his ontology, Mulla Sadra has used interpretation as
a method and his use of interpretation has caused his philosophy and
wisdom to reflect and excel. Although he has used interpretation both
in the interpretation of the universe and in the understanding and
interpretation of the Qur'an and the narrations of the infallibles, he has
not formulated the rules of interpretation anywhere in his writings.
This article, for its part, shows the basics of extracting these rules and
principles. By identifying the rules of interpretation in different
dimensions, we can gain a deeper understanding of existence,
especially the book and tradition, and take more effective steps in
understanding and completing the transcendent wisdom.