چکیده:
راهبرد رشد هوشمند شهری با هدف دفاع از رشد فشرده و جلوگیری از رشد شهر به سوی پیرامون در دهههای اخیر پدید آمده است. جهت دستیابی بهتر به اهداف رشد هوشمند شهری نیاز به سنجش میزان تطابق محدودههای مختلف جغرافیایی با اصول و شاخصهای رشد هوشمند شهری احساس میشود. از این جهت در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده روش وزندهی سوآرا (SWARA) و روش رتبهبندی واسپاس (WASPAS) و همچنین بکارگیری سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) به تحلیل و ارزیابی 26 شاخص رشد هوشمند شهری در 156 محله شهر مشهد و سپس رتبهبندی هر یک از محلات این شهر از نظر میزان انطباق با شاخصهای رشد هوشمند شهری پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده در این پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی بوده، و دادهها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از شیوههای مطالعات کتابخانهای، بررسی اسنادی و بهرهگیری از نظر خبرگان بدست آمده است. نتایج تحلیلها بیانگر این نکته است که محلات آزاد شهر، 10 دی، و کوهسنگی به ترتیب دارای بالاترین رتبه و در مقابل محلات شهید باهنر، موعود، و کشاورز دارای پایینترین رتبه از نظر انطباق با شاخصهای رشد هوشمند شهری بوده است. همچنین محلات شهر مشهد دارای بیشترین انطباق با اصل کاربری اراضی مختلط و ترکیبی و کمترین انطباق با اصل ایجاد فرصتهای متنوعی از حمل و نقل میباشند. همچنین، نحوه پراکندگی محلات سازگار با رشد هوشمند شهری دارای وضعیتی متمرکز است که نشاندهنده بیعدالتی فضایی در شهر مشهد میباشد. بیشتر توسعه فیزیکی این شهر بر خلاف مسیر شمالی- شرقی در نظر گرفته شده در طرح جامع شهر مشهد، در محورهای جنوب غربی و غربی و در جهت شهرهای طرقبه و شاندیز میباشد. در نتیجه به طور کلی میتوان گفت که وضعیت میزان انطباق محلات شهر مشهد با شاخصهای رشد هوشمند شهری متوسط و تا حد زیادی کم میباشد.
IntroductionThe ultimate and common response of most cities of Iran (herein, city refers to a series of processes effective in the decision-making status of a city) to the increasing needs of residents, along with the efforts of a series of procedures and structures governing the cities, such as political economy and land and housing speculation, over recent decades in the fields that totally pave the path for urban development, including housing, transportation, and land use, has been the intended or unintended provision of fields accelerating the increasing progress of the city borders into the surrounding lands and resources. Meanwhile, there is urban decay, along with empty, abandoned, and unused lands, in the neighborhoods of the cities, which can be easily developed to prevent the urban sprawl costs. The city of Mashhad, the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province, is known as the second large city of Iran in terms of area and population. This huge city has also faced challenges concerning urban sprawl over recent years. Meanwhile, 6.1% of the area of the city, including 64 neighborhoods, is considered urban decay. In this regard, the smart urban growth strategy can reduce the mentioned contradiction, prevent urban sprawl and its costs, follow dense development in urban neighborhoods, and enhance their quality for their residents. The first and most important step to achieve the smart urban growth goals is to evaluate the current status of the neighborhoods of Mashhad in terms of the enjoyment or compatibility with the smart urban growth principles (the goal of the present study) to gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of neighborhoods in the smart urban growth indexes. This research has used proper indexes to assess smart growth. It has also chosen the neighborhood level in the evaluations to focus on previous studies in this field.Data and MethodThe present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The studied statistical population included 156 neighborhoods of Mashhad. The initial information required in the research was obtained through library studies and documentary research, opinion polls among experts, and collection of the required spatial shapefiles concerning the various aspects of Mashhad based on the census 2016. The studied 26 indexes were weighted using the SWARA at first. Then, they were ranked based on the obtained weights using the WASPAS ranking method. The spatial analyses were also performed using the geographic information system (GIS).Results and DiscussionThe research findings showed that among the principles proposed, the mixed land use (0.071), creation of walkable neighborhoods (0.063), and provision of various transportation opportunities (0.045) obtained respectively the highest weights, while the protection for open agricultural spaces and natural, environmental, and vulnerable wonders (0.018), encouragement of citizens for sustainable participation in the decisions concerning development (0.018), and guidance and empowerment of development in current societies (0.025) respectively received the lowest weights based on the SWARA weighting method. The WASPAS ranking results for each of the smart urban growth principles also indicated that the guidance and empowerment of development in current societies (0.368), creation of housing selection opportunities (0.367), use of dense buildings (0.227), creation of walkable neighborhoods (0.163), mixed land use (0.075), provision of various transportation opportunities (0.040), and creation of distinguished and attractive societies with emphasis on the concept of place (0.016) gained the highest score averages compared to other principles, respectively. Moreover, according to the results obtained for the ranking of Mashhad neighborhoods using the WASPAS method, the neighborhoods of Azadshahr (0.352), 10 Dey (0.349), and Kouhsangi (0.347) had respectively the highest compatibility, and the neighborhoods of Shahid Bahonar (0.043), Mowood (0.075), and Keshavarz (0.077) had respectively the lowest compatibility with the smart urban growth principles. Accordingly, the difference between the most compatible and the most incompatible neighborhoods of Mashhad was 0.309. Both compatible and incompatible neighborhoods of Mashhad received very low scores in the creation of distinguished and attractive societies with emphasis on the concept of place.ConclusionsBased on the research findings, it can be said that the spatial distribution of the completely and relatively compatible neighborhoods in Mashhad is not appropriate, and there is a spatial concentration. If the city is divided into northern, southern, western, and eastern zones, it can be seen that the northeastern, southeastern, and in general, the eastern zone of Mashhad, including Districts 2-7, 10, and 12, lack any neighborhood completely or relatively compatible with the smart urban growth principles; and only the western zone of the city, including Districts 1, 8, 9, and 11, has the most compatible urban neighborhoods with the smart urban growth. It can be said that the neighborhoods compatible with smart growth are along the Vakilabad highway of Mashhad, which is approximately located in the northwest, while the completely incompatible neighborhoods are almost located in the suburbs, although being also dispersed in other neighborhoods. It can also be concluded that the concentration of compatible and completely compatible neighborhoods with smart urban growth principles in the western zone of Mashhad is due to the current physical expansion of the city toward the cities of Torqabeh and Shandiz. In general, the compatibility of the neighborhoods in Mashhad with the smart urban growth indexes is medium and almost low.Keywords: Smart urban growth, SWARA weighting method, WASPAS ranking method, neighborhood, city of Mashhad.