چکیده:
يُعتبر ابن كناسة أحد الشعراء المغمورين في العصر العباسي، الذي وعلى الرغم من اشتمال أشعاره على الكثير من الآراء والأفكار الصوفية، وشهرته في عصر العباسي، إلا أن الكثير من زهدياته ومراثيه بقيت حتى يومنا هذا بعيدة عن متناول الباحثين والدارسين في الفكر الصوفي، الأمر الذي دفع محققي هذا البحث إلى تقديم قراءة جديدة لزهديات ابن كناسه ومرثياته. يسعى البحث لدارسة أهداف وموضوعات وخصائص الشعر الصوفي في أشعار هذا الشاعر، بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي - التحليلي في الأدب. كذلك هدفت الدراسة إلى استکشاف وشرح أهداف الشاعر من نظم هذا النوع من الشعر، ومحاولةً للإجابه عن سؤال: هل يمكن اعتبار ابن كناسه من الشعراء الصوفيين في العصر العباسي من خلال الاعتماد على هذه الأشعار وتحليلها ؟ ومن أهم النتائج المتوخاة من هذا البحث أنه يمكننا تقديم ابن كناسة كأحد الشعراء الإسلاميين الأوائل الذين قدّموا أفكارهم ومعتقداتهم الصوفية على قالبٍ شعري. إلا أن شعره الصوفي لم يصل إلى مرحلة نضوج واكتمال الشعر الصوفي الذي وصل إليها فيما بعد، فلم يستطع أن يستحضر جميع سمات وأساليب وأسرار الشعر الصوفي في شعره، وربما لأن ابن كناسة كان من الشعراء الأوائل الذين بذلوا جهوداً في هذا المجال، وبالتالي فمن الطبيعي أن لا يصل شعره إلى النضوج الكامل، وأن لا يتمتع بالشمولية اللازمة للوصول إلى مرحلة الشعر الصوفي المتكامل.
Sufism is regarded as an internal revolution and a mental evolution to perceive the unity of
the existence and release from the materialistic world and its belongings. Sufism was first
emerged in 2 A. D As time dragged on, the objectives and features of the mental flow
emerged to expand it and the tendency of others to this school in poem. In consequence, the
Sufi poet's sapped forward to compose their Sufi notions, thus; a new spectrum of poetry
came into existence in literature called Sufi poetry. Undoubtedly, this type of poetry was
first initiated among the Arab poets right from its emergence and the development of
Sufism. However, it has not been well- developed and glorified by the pioneer poets.
According to the fact that the Sufi poets had been anonymous and there is no written record
of their poem books, researchers did not take steps to elucidate them. Ibn-e- Kenaseh is one
of those poets who is less recognized. He lived in Abbasid dynasty. There are traces of
Sufism thoughts in his Sufism thoughts. Up to now, researchers have not considered these
issues. The authors have done this research based on a descriptive- analytical method to
present a new review of asceticism and elegies to the addresses. Therefore, the authors of
this research aim to dissect the Sufism thought in the asceticism and elegies of Ibn-e-Kenaseh. In fact, this research has tried to provide the addresses with a broad view of the
features of these poems and the way of their emergences and the motifs of the poets. It also
ims to identify the position of this anonymous poet among the Sufism poets during
Safavide era. This research aims to respond the following questions:
1. How the intentions and subjects of the Sufism poems have emerged in the asceticism
and elegies of Ibn-e-Kenaseh?
2. What are the aims and motifs of the poet of composing this type of poem?
3. What are the features of Sufi poetry in the poems of this poet?
Conclusions
Since the poet had been in the gatherings of the great men of this school, he had realized
and comprehended the thoughts of this tendency. He had been affected by the concepts of
prominent ones like Ibn-e-Adham, he achieved the glory and perfection of the existence.
Hence, the asceticism and elegies of Sufism intensions are apparent in his poems. One of
the main concerns of the poet is the arrogance of the boastful ones that has annoyed the
Sufi one. He tried to guide those who have lost their way as well as the arrogant ones.
Further, such attempts can be traced in his poems. Rasai, the son of the poet, and Yahya,
his uncle and disciple express his honest emotions and his delicate spirit. Before, the poet
commenced composing Sufism poems, he had experienced and joined the Sufism
gatherings and he had learned their doctrines. Being meek and humble to God's will and
determination are the prominent specifications of Sufism poetry. This is considered as the
attributes of the great men the Prophet (peace upon him).
As there are harmony and rhythm in his poems, it is easier to keep in mind the Sufism
notions and thoughts. As a result, this type of poetry could be glorified. Hence, another aim
of the poet is to expand the doctrines of Islam in the form of Sufism.
Considering that Ibn Kenaseh was influenced by the Sufi views and thoughts of Ibrahim
Ibn Adham and this figure was one of the first Sufis of the second century AH after Hassan
Basri and Uthman Ibn Sharik known as Abu Hisham Kufi, he may be deliberated as one of
the first Sufi poets. He considered himself a sect or even the first Sufi poet.
Lucidity and clarity and dodging of ambiguity and vagueness and mystery and symbol
are also the protruding features of Ibn Kenaseh's poetry in this field. As t Ibn Kenaseh lived
in the first centuries of the emergence of Sufi poetry, this type of poetry has not yet
developed and has not reached the stage of ambiguity, consequently the absence of Sufi
mysteries and vagueness and complexity in his poems is quite natural. Furthermore, the
lack of using complex poetic images and difficult metaphors similarly indicate the lack of
maturity of Sufi poetry in the poet's era and accordingly in our poet's poetry.