چکیده:
یکی از پیامدهای گزیرناپذیر مسئولیت بینالمللی برای دولتها، تعهد به جبران کامل خسارات ناشی از عمل متخلفانه است. برخلاف اعاده و غرامت که عمدتاً برای جبران زیان مادی کاربرد دارند، رویة دولتی، رویهقضایی و بهویژه کمیسیون حقوق بینالملل، جلب رضایت را روش مناسب جبران زیان غیرمادی میدانند. بررسی این رویهها نشان میدهد که جلب رضایت عموماً از طریق فراگردهایی همچون عذرخواهی، اعلام متخلفانهبودن عمل و تعقیب و کیفر خاطیان صورت میپذیرد. در مقابل، جلب رضایت به روش مالی با چالشهای جدی مواجه است اما بررسیهای این مقاله نشان میدهد که بهطور استثنایی در صورت ایراد زیان غیرمادی شدید و نظاممند به موجودیتهای غیردولتی پذیرفته شد. رأی 9 فوریه 2022 دیوان بینالمللی دادگستری در قضیة جبران خسارت (کنگو علیه اوگاندا) فرصتی بود تا دیوان ابهامهای موجود دربارة جلب رضایت را برطرف کند. اما همانگونه که این مقاله نشان خواهد داد، این رأی تردیدها را عمیقتر کرده و دیوان به یافتههایی رسیده است که هیچ سابقهای برای آنها در دست نیست.
One of the inalienable effects of international responsibility of States is the full reparation of the consequences of wrongdoing. Unlike restitution and compensation, which are mainly used to compensate material damage, satisfaction has been considered as an appropriate method of compensating non-pecuniary damage by State practice, case law and especially the ILC. The study of these procedures shows that satisfaction is generally obtained through processes such as apologizing, declaring the act as a wrongful act, punishing the perpetrators, and so on. On the other hand, financially satisfaction faces serious challenges, but the studies of this article show that it is exceptionally accepted in case of severe and systematic moral damage to non-State entities. The February 9, 2022 judgment of the ICJ in the case of Congo v. Uganda was an opportunity for the Court to resolve the ambiguities of satisfaction. However, as this article will show, this ruling has deepened these doubts, and the Court has reached findings for which no record is available.
خلاصه ماشینی:
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