چکیده:
امنیت مقصد و رضایتمندی گردشگران، بهعنوان متغیرهایی مهم برای شناسایی عملکرد مقصدهای گردشگری مطرح، و کشف و چگونگی ارتباط بین این دو عامل در جهت نیل به هدف توسعۀ پایدار گردشگری ضروری است. ازاینرو، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر ابعاد امنیت بر رضایتمندی گردشگران خارجی شهر شیراز است. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت و روش، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است. اطلاعات موردنیاز ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روشهای اﺳﻨﺎدی و ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ (ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ) ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، گردشگران خارجی بازدیدکننده از شهر شیراز در سال 1398 است. محاسبه حجم نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران معادل 200 نفر برآورد گردید و برای توزیع پرسشنامه از شیوه تصادفی ساده استفاده شد. دادههای ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روشهای آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻮرد تجزیهوتحلیل ﻗﺮار گرفتهاند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که امنیت سیاسی با ضریب 65/0، امنیت اجتماعی با ضریب 33/0، امنیت فرهنگی با ضریب 38/0 و امنیت اقتصادی با ضریب 20/0 تأثیر مثبت و مستقیمی بر رضایتمندی گردشگران خارجی شهر شیراز دارند. همچنین امنیت سیاسی با ضریب 34/0، امنیت اجتماعی با ضریب 28/0، امنیت فرهنگی با ضریب 21/0 و امنیت اقتصادی با ضریب 28/0 اثر غیرمستقیمی با نقش میانجی مدت اقامت بر رضایتمندی گردشگران خارجی شهر شیراز دارند. اثر کلی مؤلفههای امنیت بر رضایتمندی گردشگران خارجی شهر شیراز بدینگونه است که بیشترین اثر را امنیت سیاسی با ضریب 99/0 و سپس امنیت اجتماعی با ضریب 61/0، امنیت فرهنگی با ضریب 59/0 و کمترین اثر را امنیت اقتصادی با ضریب 48/0 دارد.
Destination security and tourist satisfaction are important variables to identify the performance of tourist destinations, and discover the relationship between these two factors is necessary to achieve sustainable tourism development. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of security dimensions on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, practical and according to nature and method; it is descriptive. The required information was collected based on the documentary and field (questionnaire) method. The statistical population of the study is foreign tourists visiting the city of Shiraz in 2019. The sample size was estimated to be equal to 200 tourists according to the Cochran’s formula and a simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. Collected data based on descriptive and inferential statistics methods have been analyzed. Findings showed that political security with a coefficient of 0.65, social security with a coefficient of 0.33, cultural security with a coefficient of 0.38 and economic security with a coefficient of 0.20 have a positive and direct effect on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. Also, political security with a coefficient of 0.34, social security with a coefficient of 0.28, cultural security with a coefficient of 0.21 and economic security with a coefficient of 0.28 have an indirect effect on the mediating role of length of stay on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. The general effect of security components on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz is such that the most effect is political security with a coefficient of 0.99 and then social security with a coefficient of 0.61, cultural security with a coefficient of 0.59 and the least effect has economic security with a coefficient of 0.48. Extended Abstract 1-Introduction The success and sustainable growth of tourism depends on the proper performance of many elements and factors closely linked. In tourism issues, tourists' satisfaction with the sustainability pillars of the industry is always known. Satisfaction is a particuarly important concept being investigated in relation to safety and security perception. Safety and security have always been indispensable condition for travel and tourism. But it is an incontestable fact that safety and security issues gained a much bigger importance in the last two decades in tourism. Due to terrorist acts, local wars, natural disasters, epidemics, and pandemics, security has significantly decreased. Security is, perhaps, the single most important determinant of a destination’s allure Hence, all destinations strive to present themselves as paradises. However, the painful reality is that tourists fall victim to crimes on a daily basis. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of security dimensions on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. 2-Materials and Methods The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey based on the nature and method. Data was collected in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of foreign tourists in Shiraz in 2019. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was estimated to be equal to 200 tourists. Indicators related to the variables were extracted from the theoretical foundations of the research and related sources; and a questionnaire was designed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts through content validity method and formal type. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated equal to 0.867 using Cronbach's alpha (general) method. A simple random method was used to distribute and complete the questionnaire. To analyze the data collected from EQS software, descriptive statistical methods (percentage of personal information and tourism) and inferential (one-sample t-test, modeling of structural equation (confirmation factor analysis and path analysis ») has been applied. 3- Results and Discussion Findings showed that political security with a coefficient of 0.65, social security with a coefficient of 0.33, cultural security with a coefficient of 0.38, and economic security with a coefficient of 0.20 have a positive and direct effect on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. Also, political security with a coefficient of 0.34, social security with a coefficient of 0.28, cultural security with a coefficient of 0.21, and economic security with a coefficient of 0.28 have an indirect effect on the mediating role of length of stay on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz. The general effect of security components on the satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz is such that the most effect is political security with a coefficient of 0.99 and the least effect is economic security with a coefficient of 0.48. The results also showed that the level of security in Shiraz is higher than the average from the perspective of foreign tourists with an average of 3.49. Among the dimensions of security, the level of political security with an average of 3.73, the level of social security with an average of 3.75 and the level of cultural security with an average of 3.87 is above average. But the level of economic security with an average of 2.71 is below average. The general satisfaction of foreign tourists in Shiraz with an average of 4.26 is above average and in other words at a desirable level. 4- Conclusion The results of study showed the need to pay more attention to the role of security as an important parameter in the tourism boom of Shiraz. Given the positive impact of all dimensions of security on the satisfaction of foreign tourists of Shiraz, as well as the level of security of Shiraz and the satisfaction of foreign tourists, while maintaining current desirable situation, some actions should be carried out to increase the level of variables, including economic security as well as improving other aspects of security. In the field of economic security, creating a currency account for foreign tourists in branches of domestic banks due to lack of connection to the global banking system and cruel sanctions; In the field of political security, strengthening defensive and deterrent actions in the field of war and terrorism; In the field of social security, the creation of a tourist police to feel the security of tourists and address the problems and complaints of tourists; In the field of cultural security, the activities of the relevant institutions in this area to culture the way native people deal with tourists can be effective in boosting the security of Shiraz and the satisfaction of foreign tourists and thus sustainable tourism development of Shiraz.
خلاصه ماشینی:
متغيرهاي پژوهش و شاخص هاي سنجش مقدار آلفاي متغير ابعاد متغير شاخص کرونباخ امنيت عدم تروريسم ، عدم جنگ ، عدم بي ثباتي سياسي، عدم اعتصاب 0/787 سياسي امنيت عدم دزدي ، عدم تجاوز جنسي ، عدم خطر به قتل رسـيدن ، مسـائل بهداشـتي «عـدم وجـود بيمـاري هـاي 0/843 اجتماعي واگيردار، معتادان و کارتون خواب ها» امنيت امنيت عدم نوسانات نرخ ارز، ثبات قيمت ها، امکان استفاده از کارت هاي اعتباري ، سطح دسترسي به بانـک هـا و 0/877 اقتصادي مؤسسات مالي ، ارزش افزودٔە دريافتي ناشي از پول هزينه شده امنيت احترام به عقايد ديني و مذهبي ، انجام آزادانۀ مناسک ديني ، برخورد مناسب با گردشگران ، احترام به همۀ 0/753 فرهنگي نژادها، امکان ارتباط کلامي رضايتمندي لذت از سفر، برآورده شدن انتظارات پيش از سفر، خشنودي از سفر 0/806 جدول ٣.
متغير شاخص مأخذ Mekinc & Cvikl (2013) عدم نوسانات نرخ ارز سيف (١٣٨٩)، صادقي عمروآبادي (١٣٩٢) حاجي اسماعيلي و کيانپور (١٣٩٣)، وفادار (١٣٩٦)، سيف (١٣٨٩)، صادقي عمروآبـادي ثبات قيمت ها (١٣٩٢)، شکوهيمنش و همکاران (١٣٩٦)، حاجي اسماعيلي و کيانپور (١٣٩٣)، بنگيني (١٣٩٥)، امکان استفاده از کارت اعتباري وفادار (١٣٩٦)، سطح دسترسي به بانک ها و مؤسسات مالي حبيبيان پور و همکاران (١٣٩٥)، ارزش افزودٔە دريافتي نسبت به پول هزينه شده حاجي اسماعيلي و کيانپور (١٣٩٣)، بنگيني (١٣٩٥)، احترام به عقايد ديني و مذهبي سليمي سبحان (١٣٩٣)، شکوهيمنش و همکاران (١٣٩٦)، يعقوب زاده و زندي (١٣٩١)، انجام آزادانه مناسک ديني يعقوب زاده و زندي (١٣٩١)، کروبي و همکاران (١٣٩٥)، برخورد مناسب با گردشگران شکوهيمنش و همکاران (١٣٩٦)، کياني سلمي و مهرابـي (١٣٩٦)، کروبـي و همکـاران (١٣٩٥)، احترام به همه نژادها کياني سلمي و مهرابي (١٣٩٦)، سـليمي سـبحان (١٣٩٣)، شـکوهيمـنش و همکـاران (١٣٩٦)، امکان ارتباط کلامي رنجبريان و غفاري (١٣٩١) ، کروبي و همکاران (١٣٩٥)، بنگيني (١٣٩٥) پرسشنامه پژوهش در اواخر خرداد و اوايل تير ١٣٩٨ در بين گردشگران خارجي شهر شيراز توزيع گرديد.