چکیده:
شهر فرح آباد به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین شهرهای دوران صفویه به شمار می رفته است؛ به طوریکه در دوره شاه عباس اول به عنوان پایتخت دوم مطرح بوده است؛ اما بافت تاریخی این شهر علی رغم واجد ارزش بودن از نظر تاریخی- فرهنگی، به فرسودگی گرائیده است. از آنجاییکه همواره ضرورت حفظ و بازآفرینی ارزش ها در این گونه بافت ها مورد توجه معماران و طراحان شهری بوده است و با توجه به اینکه در مورد شناخت ساختار این شهر در آن دوره، تحقیق جامعی بر اساس اسناد و تحلیل آنها صورت نگرفته است. هدف مقاله حاضر، بازخوانی فضای شهری فرح آباد در دوران صفویه است. بدین منظور پژوهش حاضر به روش تفسیری-تاریخی و میدانی و تحلیل محتوا با تطبیق متون تاریخی بالاخص سفرنامه ها و تبدیل آنها به تصور فضایی از شهر، انجام گرفته است. این رویکرد تحلیلی در نهایت می تواند تصویری از این شهر را بازخوانی نماید. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که ساختار فضایی شهر فرح آباد در دوره صفوی دارای ویژگی های خاصی است که نشان دهنده ماهیت دینی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و جایگاه آن در نظام حکومتی صفویان است.میدان اصلی شهر این عناصر را به هم متصل می کند و در ارتباط با هم شهر را مفهوم سازی می نمودند. این بناها عناصر اصلی تشکیل دهنده استخوان بندیشهر فرح آباد هستند که نه تنها بر فرم شهر تأثیر می گذارد بلکه الگوی توسعه آن را نیز تحت الشعاع قرار می دهد. بر اساس متون این شهر حصار خارجی نداشتهاما کمربندی وسیع، دور شهر کشیده شده بود. کشیدگی شهر شمالی- جنوبی در راستای رودخانه تجن و اراضی حاصل خیز پیرامون آن صورت گرفته بود. درنهایت عناصر کالبدی متشکله استخوان بندی اصلی شهر فرح آباد به صورت نقشه باز سازی شده بر شرایط موجود ترسیم شده است که می تواند مبنایی برای تعیینشرایط شهر در دوران صفویه و بیان ارتباط وضعیت شهر کهن با شهر جدید باشد.
Farahabad was considered as one of the most important cities of the Safavid period; As in the period of Shah Abbas I, it was considered as the second capital; But the historical context of this city, despite being historically culturallyvaluable, has deteriorated. Since the need to preserve and recreate values in such contexts has always been considered by architects and urban designers and given the comprehensive understanding of the structure of the city in thatperiod, no research has been done based on their documents and analysis; The purpose of this article is to re-read the urban space of Farahabad during the Safavid period. This article has been formed to answer this question: Consideringthe importance of Farahabad city during the Safavid period, how were the physical structure and urban elements in this city organized and how did they relate to each other? For this purpose, the present study has been done by interpretive-historical and Field research and content analysis by applying historical texts, especially travelogues, and turning them into a spatial perception of the city. This analytical approach can ultimately re-read the image of the city. The results indicate that the spatial structure of Farahabad city in the Safavid period has special features that indicate the religious, cultural, economic nature and its place in the Safavid government. In this period, Jahannama Palace as a government component, Bazaar as an economic component, and Farahabad School Mosque as a religious component are of special importance and the main square of the city connects these elements and in connection with, conceptualized the city. These buildings are the main elements of the skeleton of Farahabad city, which not only affects the form of the city but also overshadows its development pattern. This ossification has integrated the city as a whole and has a special place in the city's spatial system; It accommodates and protects the city's court organs and is surrounded and protected from allsides by the city's residential neighborhoods. In Farahabad Square, important buildings that define the pivotal and main function of the square, namely the Government House and the Mosque, have been built along the axis of symmetry, which has special place visually; The body of the square was a row of arches that revolved around it, under these arches shops were built. In terms of design and shape, this square is similar to Shah Square in Isfahan and the buildings that surround it. According to the texts, this city did not have an external fence and due to its location and geographical conditions, it was a safe place that was easy to defend. A wide Ring road was stretched around the city. The north-south city stretched along the Tajan River and the fertile lands around it. Finally, the physical elements of the main skeleton of Farahabad city are drawn as a reconstructed map of the existing conditions, which can be the basis for determining the conditions of the city during the Safavid period and expressing the relationship between the old city and the new city.