چکیده:
سازمانهای مردمنهاد بهعنوان نهادهایی خودجوش از بطن و متن جامعه تشکیل شدهاند و عملکرد آنها یکی از فاکتورهای مهم برای ارزیابی فرهنگ هر کشور بهشمار میآید. هدف از تحقیق مدنظر، مقایسه سرمایۀ اجتماعی در شبکه سازمانهای خیریه است. مطالعه موردی در این پژوهش را شبکه سازمانهای خیریه همکار با بنیاد توسعه کارآفرینی زنان و جوانان در تهران، خانه هدی در زاهدان، بهار خرمشهر در خرمشهر و موسسه سپهر در قائن شامل میشود. پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش، توصیفی است. ابزار استفادهشده برای جمعآوری دادهها، پرسشنامه استاندارد تحت عنوان پرسشنامه انجمن سرمایۀ اجتماعی آمریکا است. این پرسشنامه چون بارها در مطالعات متعدد از آن استفاده شده، روایی آن تایید شده است. پس از گردآوری پرسشنامهها، پایایی آن با نرمافزار SPSS محاسبه و با آلفای کرونباخ ۸۳۳/ ۰ تایید شد. برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج نشان دادند وضعیت سرمایۀ اجتماعی و ابعاد آن شامل ابعاد ساختاری، ارتباطی و شناختی، در این شبکه سازمانهای خیریه تفاوت معناداری ندارد و اینکه بعد شناختی سرمایۀ اجتماعی بهعنوان پیشنیاز روابط در شبکه بین سازمانهای خیریه منظور شده است.
IntroductionToday, networks play a valuable role in the supply and sharing of achievements, ideas, and successful experiences as producers of social capital, which is mainly based on cultural and social factors. A case study in this research is the network of charitable organizations, including the Women and Youth Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and its partner organizations, which include Bahar Khorramshahr, Khaneh Hoda, and Sepehr Institute). The purpose of this research is to compare social capital and its dimensions (structural dimension, communication dimension, and cognitive dimension) as necessary infrastructures in establishing a relationship between the aforementioned organizations and the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation. Since NGOs need social capital to create social development as one of the factors to promote organizational communication, such research can lead to major improvements in this issue. The problem of this research is to measure the strength of the social capital between the Women and Youth Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and each of the organizations of Khaneh Hoda, Bahar Khorramshahr, and Qain Institute, and it should be noted whether there is a difference between the social capital status in the network between the above organizations and the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation to better advance the goals? For this purpose, some hypotheses are proposed in this research, which is to examine the difference in social capital and its dimensions in the network between partner organizations with the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation, and also to address the issue of which factors in this network need to be strengthened. Research methodologyThis research is applied from the objective point of view and descriptive from the method point of view. The data collection tool is the standard questionnaire of the American Social Capital Association. Since this questionnaire has been used in many types of research (Sarmed et al., 2010), (Maanipour, 2011), (Haghirizadeh and Salari, 2015), its content validity has been confirmed. Also, its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method with the help of SPSS software with a value of 0.833; hence its use for this research was recognized as appropriate by the researchers. The questions of the questionnaire include specialized and general questions, and in the specialized questions part, a 5-point Likert scale was used to measure the dimensions of the questionnaire (cognitive dimension, relational dimension, and structural dimension), and in the general questions section, general and demographic information was collected regarding the respondents. The statistical population of the research includes managers and experts of partner organizations of the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation, which include: 5 people from Bahar Khorramshahr, 2 people from Sepehr Institute, and 9 people from Hoda House. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods were used to describe their dimensions and indicators using the mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test for the equality of the average social capital and its dimensions, and at the end, during the focus group meeting with managers and experts the results of the Hypotheses were discussed.Research findingsThe findings of the demographic profile of the respondents show that in terms of gender; Female, in terms of age; Age group 25-36, and in terms of education; Bachelor's degree the majority of the statistical population of the study. The table below shows the dimensions and indicators of social capital. Table 1. Dimensions and indicators of social capitalBetween the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and Sepehr Institute, indicators of honesty, commitment to the organization's goals and shared values and goals; between the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and Bahar Institute, indicators of honesty and having warm relations; between the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and Khaneh Hoda Institute, indicators of being a member of the common family and having common values and goals; and finally, the index of common values and goals between the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and partner organizations has a high average. According to the results of descriptive statistics, the level of desirability of social capital indicators between the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and each of the organizations separately and in general is higher than the average. The results obtained from the inferential statistics show that the equality of the average variable and dimensions of social capital (relational, structural, and cognitive) between three organizations with the Women and Youth Entrepreneurship Development Foundation are accepted. Discussion and conclusionDue to the lack of a warm and sincere relationship and the lack of a facilitating communication structure, Sepehr Institute and the Foundation did not want to share experiences, and on the other hand, the high level of honesty and commitment towards the realization of the goals made the communication between the two organizations at a good level. Hoda House and Entrepreneurship Development Foundation have been able to consider themselves as members of a common family because Hoda House was once formed under the supervision of the foundation. On the other hand, not having a spirit of criticism can hinder this relationship to some extent. Bahar and Entrepreneurship Development Foundation have been able to establish warm and sincere relations. In general, partner organizations and the Entrepreneurship Development Foundation should have common values and goals more than establishing relationships with each other, and the lack of a spirit of criticism can prevent communication between organizations in the long term. The results of the inferential statistics indicate that a) the attitude towards social capital factors on the part of the development foundation has been fairly distributed among the three partner organizations. b) The organizations have been able to improve the quality of their relations with the foundation. c) The cooperation of organizations with the development foundation is based on the level of adherence to common values and goals. t) Each of the organizations with the foundation has been able to use simple and accessible inter-organizational relations for education and research. referencesHaghirizadeh, Umm Al Nabbing, Salary, Leila (2015). Investigating the relationship between social capital and employee productivity of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Hormozgan Province. Management and Accounting Research Monthly, No. 24.Maanipour, Hammed (1391). The relationship between social capital and the components of professional ethics of faculty members in Islamic Azad University units in Gilan province. Thesis for obtaining a master's degree.Sarmed, Zohra, Hijazi Elaha and Abbas Bazargan (1390). Research methods in behavioral sciences, Tehran: Ageh Publications.
خلاصه ماشینی:
با توجه به اینکه سازمان های مردم نهاد برای ایجاد توسعه اجتماعی، نیاز به سرمایۀ اجتماعی به عنوان یکی از عوامل پیشبرد ارتباطات سازمانی و درنتیجه ، افزایش بهره وری و کارآمدی خود اذعان دارند، چنین پژوهشی میتواند به بهبودهای عمده ای در این مسئله منجر شود.
٢-٤- ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی 1 ٢-٤-١- بعد ساختاری ابعاد ساختاری به ارتباط غیر شخصی بین افراد یا واحدها اشاره دارد و نشان میدهد دسترسیها چگونه است و با چه شیوه ای کارکنان در تعامل با یکدیگر به یادگیری، اشتراکگذاری و تبادل اطلاعات ، ایده ها و دانش ها میپردازند ( :٢٠١٥ ,Abili ٢١٠-٢٠٣) روابط شبکه بر ترکیب و تبادل دانش تأثیر می گذارد و همچنین پیش بینی ارزش ها تحت تأثیر چنین تبادل هایی قرار می گیرد (٢٦٦-٢٤٢ :١٩٩٨ ,Nahapiet and Sumatra ).
جدول ٤-١-١- آماره توصیفی شاخص های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بین بنیادتوسعه کارآفرینی و مؤسسه سپهر Table 4-1-1-Descriptive statistics of social capital indicators between Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and Sepehr Institute انحراف معیار , میانگین , شاخص ها , ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی 0.
جدول ٤-١-٤- آماره توصیفی شاخص های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بین بنیاد توسعه کارآفرینی و سازمان های همکار Table 4-1-4-Descriptive statistics of social capital indicators between Entrepreneurship Development Foundation and partner organizations تعداد, انحراف معیار, میانگین , شاخص ها, ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی 16 , 0.
نتایج این تحقیق نشان داده اند بنیاد توسعه کارآفرینی زنان و جوانان و سازمان های همکار آن ، ازنظر ایجاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی در ارتباطات بین خود شرایط برابری دارند.