چکیده:
نظام فضایی-کالبدی در سکونتگاههای انسانی بیانگر تعاملات اجتماعی، رفتارها و کنشهای موجود در جامعه است و «معماری» با سازماندهی و ارتباط میان فضاها، معنای نهفته در ساختار اجتماعی را آشکار مینماید. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین ساختار اجتماعی خانههای تاریخی دزفول، به این پرسش پاسخ میدهد که: پیکرهبندی فضایی خانهها در دورهی قاجار بیانگر چه الگویی است؟. دورهی قاجار به دلیل حفظ پیوستگی در معنای «خانه» انتخاب شده و جامعهی آماری شامل کلیه خانههای شهر دزفول طی آن دوره است. حجم نمونه شامل 10 خانه از میان خانههایی بدون مداخلات و تغییرات کالبدی مؤثر، به روش نمونهگیری هدفمند تعیین گردید. روش تحقیق بهصورت ترکیبی و به شیوهی توصیفی-تحلیلی بر پایهی استدلال منطقی میباشد. گردآوری اطلاعات نیز بر مبنای مشاهدات میدانی و با استناد به منابع و نقشههای معتبر بوده، همچنین استخراج و تحلیل دادهها توسط نرمافزار A-Graph صورت گرفته است. خانههای مورد مطالعه بر حسب تعداد و محل قرارگیری حیاط به پنج گروه تقسیمبندی و تاثیر شاخصهای «ارتباط، همپیوندی، عمق و مرتبه نسبی» بر «تعاملات و محرمیت» ارزیابی می-شود. وجود «شوادان» در خانههای دزفول به عنوان جنبهای جدید نسبت به سایر مطالعات نحو فضا میباشد. پژوهش حاضر نشان میدهد در الگوی حاکم بر خانههای دورهی قاجار، «حیاط» و «ایوان» دارای بالاترین ارزش تعاملات و کمترین میزان از محرمیت هستند و به عنوان نفوذپذیرترین فضاها قلمداد میشوند. نتایج پژوهش همچنین بیانگر یکپارچگی بالا در فضای شوادان بوده که این الگو همراه با حفظ محرمیت در ریزفضاهای آن است.
Introduction: Lack of attention to the hidden patterns and valuable social relations that flow
in the houses has led to a kind of disconnection in the architecture of the Iranian house, which
can be considered as a necessity and in this context, mere attention to the physical points is
not enough to achieve the goal. The present study also deals with the Qajar period in which
the historical continuity of the meaning of the house has been preserved and with the aim of
explaining the biological pattern of Qajar period houses in Dezful based on the theory of
space syntax to answer the question: What pattern does the spatial configuration of houses in
the Qajar period represent?
Materials and Methods: The data collection of case samples, based on field observations
and with reference to reliable sources and maps, and the extraction of software data was done
by A-Graph software. The statistical population includes all houses of Qajar period in Dezful
and the sample size includes 10 houses Which has been determined by purposive sampling
method. These houses are divided into five groups according to the number and location of
the yard and the effect of spatial syntax indicators including " Connectivity, Integration,
Depth and Relative Asymmetry " on social structure indicators including "interactions and
privacy" has been studied. The method used in the present study is a combined method in a
descriptive-analytical manner based on logical reasoning.
Results and Discussion: The study of privacy indicates that the main yard has the lowest
level of privacy compared to other spaces and in the second and third yards, the level of
privacy is higher than the main yard and less than the surrounding spaces. The analysis about
the access stairs to the upper floors, Shavadan stairs and basement stairs shows that The
connection of the stairs of the upper floors has a linear relationship with the number of stairs
to access the floors in such a way that with the increase of the connection, the number of
access stairs to the higher floors also increases. Also, in the houses that have multiple rooms
on the upper floors, more than one staircase is considered for the upper floors, at least one of
them is located at the lowest depth, so that relatively independent access from other spaces of
the house is possible.
Conclusion: The results of the research show that the hosting of guests in the studied houses
is not limited to the hall and according to the type of interactions, guests are also hosted in the
vestibule and porch spaces. The present research shows that in all the classifications, the
courtyard and porch spaces have the highest level of permeability in the houses of the Qajar
period of Dezful and have the highest interaction value. According to the study of the studied
houses, the research hypothesis that there is a significant pattern in the spatial configuration of
Dezful houses in the Qajar period was confirmed and the results obtained show that Although
these houses are in different categories in terms of physical diversity.