چکیده:
ﺗﻼش ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﺎه اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ع( ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻧﮕﺎه اﯾﺸﺎن ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺣﻖ از ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺪه از ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ اﻫﻞﺑﯿﺖ و اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ع( اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ در ﻣﺒﺪا، ﻣﺒﺎدی، ﻏﺎﯾﺖ و ﻫﺪف ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ و ﻫﺴﺘﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ وﺟﻮد دارد و ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﻮی و ﺳﻌﺎدت ﺑﺸﺮی، ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارد و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎدی ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ اﺳﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻣﻮاردی ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاردی ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻖ ﺣﯿﺎت، ﺣﻖ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪی از ﮐﺮاﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻠﺢ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و اﯾﻤﻨﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ آزادی ﺑﯿﺎن، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪی از ﻧﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎر ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﯿﺖ ﺷﮑﻨﺠﻪ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪی از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮ آﻣﻮزش، ﺣﻘﻮق زﻧﺎن و ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و اﻓﺮاد دارای ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯿﺖ، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ اﺳﻼم و اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ع( اﺳﺖ.
The authors of this article try to extract the view of Imam Ali (PBUH) towards 40
principles of human rights. The hypothesis of this article is that human rights are approved
by Ahl al-Bayt and Imam Ali (PBUH). Although there are differences in the origin,
principles, goal and objective of human rights and ontology and epistemology, and in spite
of the fact that international human rights pay less attention to spiritual aspects of human
rights and focus more on material rights, but many human rights, including such as the
right to life, the right to human dignity, the right to peace, the right to security and safety,
the right to equality, the right to freedom of expression, the right to property, the right to
public order, the right to free movement, the right to decent work, the right to prohibition
of torture, the right to standard living conditions, the right to education, the rights of
women and children and people with disabilities are confirmed and endorsed by Islam and
Imam Ali (PBUH).