نویسنده: رضوانی، سیدعلی ؛ صاحی نیا، مریم ؛
نویسنده مسئول: مرتضایی، سید جواد ؛
پژوهشنامه ادب غنایی پاییز و زمستان 1402 - شماره 41 رتبه ب (وزارت علوم/ISC (16 صفحه - از 119 تا 134 )
در آثار نظامی گنجوی، شاعر بلندآوازۀ سدۀ ششم هجری، به روانشناسی شخصیّتهای داستانها توجّه ویژه شده است. جستار حاضر بر اساس منابع کتابخانهای و روش توصیف، تحلیل و مقایسه، به این پرسشها پاسخ داده که از1300تا1394(ش.)بسامد مقالات نظامیپژوهی روانشناسی چه روندی را طی کرده، پژوهشگران به کدام آثار نظامی بیشتر اقبال کردهاند و چرا و کدام حوزههای روانشناسی بیشتر مورد توجّه بوده و چرا؟ یافتهها نشان میدهد هرچه زمان پیش میرود، اقبال محقّقان به نقد روانشناسی آثار نظامی افزونتر شده است؛ هفت پیکر بیش از سایر آثار وی نقد شده که حاکی از عملکرد عامدانه یا غیرعامدانۀ نظامی در توجّه دادن مخاطبان به خصوصیّات روانی شخصیّتهای هفت پیکر است و آرای یونگ بیش از سایر نظریّات به کار رفته که به دلیل تناسب بیشتر این روش برای پژوهش در منظومههای نظامی است. گاهی نویسندگان شبه روانشناسیهایی را به عنوان تحلیل روانشناسانۀ آثار نظامی مطرح کردهاند که فاقد ارزش پژوهشی است.
This article explains the differences between various works of Ganjavi in terms of their suitability for psychological critique and investigates the employment of diverse psychological theories to critique Nezami’s works qualitatively and quantitatively. It is a library study and employs descriptive- comparative analysis method. 32 articles are examined based on analysis of each of Nezami’ works and the psychological aspects of them are examined in four areas: Lacan-Freud's theories, Jung-Campbell's hypotheses, general psychology, and psychology of colors. As time goes on, the investigators' interest in criticizing the psychology of Nezami’s poetry increased. Haft Peykar has been criticized more than other works psychologically, which indicates the intentional or unintentional Nezami’s attitude towar the psychological characteristics of the story characters. Of the four mentioned areas of psychology scholars have used Jung's theories far more than other approaches, which may be due to the greater appropriateness of this method for studying Nezami’s poetry. Nezami in his Haft Peykar provides the most suitable ground for psychological studies, and Jung's theories provide the most appropriate method for the psychological critique of Nezami's works. In some cases, the authors have suggested pseudo-psychology as a psychological analysis of Hakim Ganjavi's works that has no research value. Extended Abstract 1-Introduction Due to Nezami superiority in poetry, many scholars have explored his work, and these studies have taken different approaches. One of these approaches is to search for the works of Nezami Ganjeh from a psychological point of view. This approach is one of the methods of literary criticism that has been seriously discussed since the early nineteenth century and is a subset of expressive criticism that studies the relationship between literary work and specific spiritual and emotional characteristics of the author. In this method, the character of the author is sometimes referred to for explaining and interpreting the literary work; Sometimes they refer to his works to understand the author's biography and personality, and sometimes they interpret his literary work to clarify the author's special mentality and awareness. (Abrams, 2008: 355) This is the same method as in the twentieth century was called psychological critique, and yet, from a practical point of view, it can be said that psychological critique is not a new method and has been practiced even since the time of Aristotle. (Green et al., 2004: 128) The purpose of this research is to study the process of authoring articles on Nezami’s psychological aspects over time and to determine the most appropriate works of him for psychological research and the most appropriate psychological theories to critique the works of this poet. This research opens a new door to scholars of Hakim's works and introduces literature students to the psychological value of Ganjavi's works. 2-Research methodology In this paper, the required data is obtained through the study of library resources and then this data will be analyzed by description and comparison. The research path has started with the review of 1150 studies on Nezami-concerned articles published from 1921 to 2015. The next step is to separate the 32 articles that deal with Nezami's works from a psychological point of view. Then, these articles have been reviewed in three study processes: frequency in terms of publication time, study of the frequency of articles in terms of specific Nezami’s poems that have been considered by researchers interested in psychology, and frequency of articles in terms of areas of psychology that has been used to critique Nezami’s works, and the reasons for each of these phenomena have been examined in order. 3-Discussion In the discussion of the growth of Nezami-psychological research articles in the period of the study based on full investigation, all 1150 articles were carefully reviewed and it was found that among them only 32 articles have a psychological approach to closet research. In the next stage, considering the date of publication of each of them, it was determined that as we move from the beginning (1921) to date, more articles are devoted to the psychological critique of Nezami's works. In addition, we should note that according to the data of literature review, other researchers, while studying 560 articles on Nezami published from 1921 to 2001, have encountered only 5 articles on psychology. (Norouzi, 2012: 96) Therefore, the truth of the matter mentioned above indicates that the trend of publishing such researches is increasing from 1921 to 2015. In studying the various works of Nezami, including poetry collection, Khamseh generalities, Makhzan al-Asrar, Khosrow and Shirin, Lily and Majnoon, Iskandarnameh and Haft Peykar in terms of appropriateness for psychological criticism, it is observed that the relative frequency distribution of these studies is not homogeneous. What is more, some of Nezami's works have attracted the attention of critics interested in psychological theories more than others. On the other hand, during the study of different fields of psychological knowledge for the study of the works of the sage, it is also found that Jung and Lacan's views are not used in the same way and as each other. These phenomena are due to the fundamental relevance of some theories of literary criticism for some texts and their incompatibility for others. 4-Conclusion From the review of 1150 articles on sage research published between 1921 to 2015, We found that 32 articles have a psychological approach. These researches have formed the textual body of the present paper. Findings show that as time goes on, the researchers' interest in the psychological critique of Nezami's works has increased. This luck is not the same for his various works, including Divan, Koliyat Khamseh, Khosrow and Shirin, Lily and Majnoon, Haft Peykar and Iskandarnameh. Haft Peykar alone accounts for more than half of the studies, and Nezami's other works have a much smaller share. This phenomenon can be rooted in the strategies of this poet; In other words, he has intentionally or unintentionally created the ground for the audience to think more seriously about the psychological characteristics of the Haft Peykar characters. On the other hand, different theories of psychology have not been used homogeneously to critique the works of the sage. Dividing the theoretical basis of these studies into four groups, it becomes clear that Jung's views have been used much more by scholars of Nezami's works than Lacanian-Freudian theories, general psychology and color psychology. This phenomenon may indicate a greater relevance of Jung's theories to the critique of the works of the sage. Sometimes in these essays, psychological theories are more decorative and do not contribute to the development of discussions or do not provide a model for future research, and on the other hand, sometimes pseudo-psychologies called psychological critique of Nezami's works are observed. 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