چکیده:
Johann Gottfried Herder is a little-known thinker not only in Iran but also in Germany, despite the increasing and extensive research conducted on his vast works. This may stem from his reclusive spirit, or perhaps the breadth and diversity of his works, which cover areas including: theology, history, religions, philosophy, ethnology, poetry, art, literary criticism, sociology, natural sciences, linguistics, and even politics, could be another reason for this claim. However, what makes accessing the thinking of this comprehensive philosopher extremely difficult is the lack of coherence and integration in his works. This article aims to examine some of Herder's views and chapters regarding the origin of language and its relationship with poetry. At first glance, language is a means of recognizing surrounding objects, understanding meanings, and expressing human intentions. Now, the question before us is what is the relationship between this aspect of language and poetry, which is the peak of spiritual and heavenly manifestation? Herder answers this question from a completely different perspective than the common theories of 18th-century linguistics. Undoubtedly, what the author writes on this matter will not be without shortcomings, but it may be a window, albeit small, opening onto a distant horizon.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Herder, after years of investigation and research in the two fields of natural sciences, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of linguistics, finally, after a long break in 1772, published his magnificent work in the field of religion and philosophy of linguistics, entitled Treatise on the Origin and Source of Language, and thus, for the first time, presented a multifaceted and controversial view on the nature of language’s emergence, and in this regard, he was inevitably forced to challenge the view of his great teacher Hamann regarding the divine nature of language and state: Language, in its inception, is only a need and a necessity that arises from the natural and physiological nature of man and gradually progresses in its evolutionary process.
This means that in the first stage of its emergence, language appears as a simple and elementary element, in fact, like a chain of gestures, sounds, and voices issued from man, so that the idea of creating and inventing language words is only understandable in a temporal process and in the course of the evolution of human civilizations (Herder 1, 1772, p.
Therefore, it is here that he considers poetry to be the most authentic form of expressing truth and existence, and believes that the reason for the profound impact of the divine word in holy books on man is the lyrical and transcendental nature of that language, and man has learned poetry directly from God. The Relationship Between Language and Sensory and Rational Domains According to Herder, man will find the overall picture of his life in epistemological domains, from ontology 1 to society and history, and especially perception, his place in relation to the sacred, in language.
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