چکیده:
The rise of the Nazi Party, their attainment of power, and their warmongering created a difficult predicament for the people of Europe and Germany. The churches in Germany faced a difficult test during this period. The record of Protestant churches in Germany during this time is noteworthy. The theological capacities and shortcomings of the churches became apparent during this critical juncture. Within the Protestant Church, the Christian German movement and the Confessing Church emerged, which respectively supported and opposed the Nazi regime. Obedience to the government and opposition to Jews had a background in Lutheran theology that revealed its harms during this period. Some theologians and pastors sought to address theological weaknesses; the theology of Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Barmen Declaration are important in this regard. These theological efforts aimed to reform certain theological obstacles or misinterpretations of Christianity in the struggle against oppressive rulers. Failure to address the killing of Jews was a clear weakness in the church's record. The emergence of the Nazi regime in Germany left consequences and lessons learned for the German church. The conflict between faith and fear was evident at collective and individual levels. Reliance on scripture during this period established a tradition that the church would use for a long time afterward.
خلاصه ماشینی:
بی تردید عملکرد مسیحیان و کلیساهای پروتستان آلمان در برابر رژیم نازی یکی از بخشهای مهم این رویداد است که به طور خاص برای پژوهشگران حوزۀ الهیات و کلیسای مسیحی اهمیت و جذابیت دارد.
١٠٨ Religions and Mysticism, Year 48, Number 1, Spring and Summer 1394 The Barmen Declaration consisted of six clauses; firstly, the existence of any revelation of God other than His revelation in Jesus Christ is rejected; secondly, there is no realm or aspect of life that is not under the dominion of Christ; thirdly, the Church cannot change the form of its message and organization according to certain dominant ideological and political beliefs; fourthly, the Church will not follow the governmental system in determining its positions at various levels; fifthly, the government should not consider itself the sole order governing all of human life and take over the duties of the Church; sixthly, the mission of the Church cannot be obedient to worldly goals [6, pp.
The effort made in this declaration to declare the supremacy of Christ over all spheres of human life can be seen as an attempt to counter the separation of creation and Examining the Confrontation between Protestant Churches in Germany and the Nazi Regime 111 salvation.
The supremacy of truth and Christ over all areas of human life took its place and gave believers an opportunity and theological mission to Examining the confrontation between Protestant churches in Germany and the Nazi regime 117 To criticize the government's mistakes due to their commitment to Christ.
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