چکیده:
Democratic Political Institutions, includes institutionalized ways of replying to political requests, such as citizenship and civic institutions, election and elective institutions, freedom of expression, newspapers and magazines, and etc. could result to democratization (as Tilly’s theory, they could increase breath, equality, protection, mutually binding consultation between the state and the citizens). In the modern history of Iran, including various critical junctures from Naser’i Era to the Islamic Revolution of Iran, there were numerous opportunities to give birth and develop those democratic political institutions, while as the chain of the events of the modern history shows all of the opportunities were missed. Regularly speaking, one of the main obstacles that always considered is the Authoritarian State, but, in this article, we argue that other variables must be seriously taken into account. To do so, we present a combined theoretical method that make a configuration of those variable to explain the problem. Besides, we use the method of Comparative-Historical Analysis (CHA) to study the obstacles of development of democratic political institutions in the Juncture of Constitutionalism and Nationalism in Iran to develop our study. As a result, we believe that the variables of World-System, Political Culture and Political Organizations are as much imperative as Authoritarian States. In this article, we try to explain these variables in the modern history of Iran by the method of CHA.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Comparative-Historical Analysis of the Obstacles to the Development of Participatory Political Institutions in 1 Iran: A Study of the Constitutional and Nationalist Eras 2 Department of Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University 3 Nima Shojaei PhD in Sociology, Allameh Tabataba'i University (Scientific-Research) Vol. 26, No. 2: 239-201 – Shapa 9082-0808 – Indexed in ISC Received: 2019/03/29 Accepted: 2020/01/06 Abstract Participatory political institutions, including institutionalized ways of responding to political demands, such as civil society organizations, elections and electoral institutions, freedom of expression, newspapers and the press, and the like, are believed by thinkers such as Charles Tilly to lead to democratization or increased inclusiveness, equality, support, and mutual legal commitment between the state and citizens.
However, in this article, using a comparative-historical analysis method, and by presenting an integrative theoretical framework, and examining the obstacles to the development of these institutions in the periods known as the Constitutional and Nationalist eras, it is shown that the state, although playing a decisive role in the democratization process, is itself influenced by the world-system, and this relationship, along with the negative role of political culture and political organizations, constitutes some of the most important obstacles to the development of participatory political institutions in Iran.
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