چکیده:
Children intensify and fall victim to the gendered nature of housework and childcare. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of the number of dependent children (under 7 years old) on the extent of gender-based social inequalities in housework and childcare. The research method is secondary analysis of data from the Iranian Time Use Survey in 1387-1388 (2008-2009), which was collected with a representative sample in urban areas of the country. McDonald, in his theory of "inconsistency of gender equality between individual-oriented and family-oriented inputs," proposes the idea that gender equality has increased outside the home, but this gender equality has not been realized within the home, and a kind of disconnect arises between levels of gender equality outside the home and inside the home. The results show that, although employed women do less paid work during the day than their husbands, despite being employed, they are still responsible for housework and childcare, and men have little participation in unpaid work. Having children and increasing fertility intensifies and adds to gender inequality within the family. In fact, as the number of dependent children is added to the family, the amount of time that employed women devote to housework and childcare increases significantly, and the husband's low participation in these tasks creates a large gender gap in these tasks. Even considering paid work, the gender gap remains, such that a father without a dependent child works an average of 1 hour and 2 minutes, with one dependent child 37 minutes, and with two dependent children, 1 hour and 16 minutes less than his wife per day. In fact, increasing the number of children, especially from the second child onwards, leads to the gendering of unpaid housework and childcare.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In fact, as the number of dependent children is added to the family, the amount of time working women devote to household and childcare tasks increases significantly, and the husband's low participation in these tasks creates a large gender gap in these tasks.
Fertility and increasing the number of children, on the one hand, and the feminization of unpaid housework, on the other hand, lead to a kind of gender inequality in housework and childcare within the family, and confront working women with more role conflict.
With time use survey data, the extent of gender equality or inequality in housework and childcare can be examined for employed women and their employed husbands with the addition of dependent children (under 7 years old) to the family.
Research Findings In this research, our focus is on unpaid work such as housework and childcare for employed women and their husbands based on the number of dependent children (under 7 years old).
The findings of this study show that although employed women always do less paid work than men, the main burden of housework and childcare falls on the employed woman, which increases significantly the amount of time the mother spends on these matters with the addition of dependent children to the family, and her husband participates in the work to a much lesser extent.
Adding the number of dependent children increases the total amount of unpaid work for the mother in the family and It is in conflict with her paid work and brings role conflict for her, and exacerbates gender inequality in housework and childcare.
(
, 
, 
)
