God's relationship with humans and the world in Upanishads مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

(11) In the Upanishads, natural manifestations and phenomena such as: wind, water, fire, sky, and the sun, which were the gods worshipped by Hindus, faded in the shadow of the absolute truth and were considered as manifestations of His existence. In these texts, Indra, Shiva (1) (Rudra), Vishnu, (2) Prajapati, Agni, (3) Vayu, (4) Surya, (5) Hiranya-garbha (6) and Brahma (7) are prominent and noteworthy gods. Prajapati, the god who, according to the Brahmanas, is the existence of the body parts and is the principle and basis of the creation of the world and the gods, is overshadowed by Brahman in the Upanishads and is placed in a lower level. Although he still holds an important position as the father of the Devas, humans, and Asuras, with the Upanishadic view of God as the absolute and impersonal existence, he has lost his former status (9) and a new interpretation and explanation of him has emerged. Therefore, the levels of existence are: Brahman or the Absolute, the creative spirit — which has been interpreted in various forms, including: Brahma, Prajapati, Shiva, Vishnu, and Isvara (3) — the cosmic spirit or Hiranyagarbha, and the material world or Viraj (4) and Prakriti. In Upanishadic thought, just as the world has a hierarchy that extends from Brahman as the Absolute and unattainable to matter composed of parts and elements, human existence also, as a microcosm, has hierarchies of being that continue from his physical body to Atman, meaning his true existence.