چکیده:
Throughout history, the problem of evil has been raised as an argument against the existence of God. Atheists argue that: "If an omnipotent and benevolent God existed, He would prevent evil, but evil exists in the world. Therefore, an absolute perfect God does not exist." In this article, various solutions offered in this field are explained, according to the classification of evil into moral, natural, and metaphysical evil. The acceptable solutions include: 1) The commoners' view; 2) The Lumi argument; 3) Evil is a privative and relative matter; 4) The coexistence of evil and the material world; 5) The theory of evil distributivists; 6) The coexistence of evil and free will; 7) The theory of compensation and the benefits of evils. All seven presented solutions, except for the fifth, are suitable for answering the doubt regarding moral evil. Natural evil is addressed by the first, second, fourth, and seventh solutions. And the first and third solutions can be chosen to answer the doubt regarding metaphysical evil.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Of course, it is possible for a human, within the limits of their understanding, to guess some of the wisdoms and expedients behind hardships and unpleasantness; for example, the bad morality and other unpleasant actions of other humans toward an individual can serve as a prelude to that person's patience and consequently their growth and evolution, or a sick person, by experiencing pain and suffering, may become mindful, call upon God alone, and seek help only from Him, consequently considering God alone as the primary and true agent in the world, which itself is reaching the station of unity of action (tawhid-e af'ali) and is among the highest perfections.
The Inseparability of Evils from Goods in the Material World After determining the privative and relative nature of evils in the world, a question arises which Allameh Tabataba'i expresses and answers as follows: It is true that evil is a comparative and contingent matter, but why did God not create the creation of the world in such a way that comparison and contingency were not at work?
Although the existence of relative evils in the material world can be considered necessary due to the non-separation of good and evil, the fundamental question in metaphysical evil is why we are more limited in relation to the Creator, or one could go further and ask: why are we not God?
(
, 
, 
)
