چکیده:
The ambiguous verses (Mutashabihat) of the Quran regarding the domain of Divine Attributes have witnessed numerous debates throughout the history of Islamic thought. Regarding the two general approaches, rationalism and literalism, the Salafis (followers of Ibn Taymiyyah) belong to the second approach, considering their view to be the original Islamic perspective and viewing other views as innovations (Bid'ah). In this article, relying on important Salafi sources, a new presentation of their viewpoint is provided in five sections: the denial of the Ta'wil (interpretative) approach by the Salaf, the denial of the Tafwid (delegation) approach by the Salaf, literalism in understanding the Quran and the denial of metaphorical usage in the meanings of verses, the support for literalism in the narration of attribute verses, and finally, the strategies for denying anthropomorphism (Tashbih) within the framework of literal interpretation, including the denial of modality (Kayfiyyah) in describing God, distinguishing between interpretation (Tafsir) and Ta'wil, and ultimately analyzing the shared concepts between God and humans. At the end, while criticizing these points, it is stated that: first, the claim of denying Ta'wil and Tafwid in the practice of the Salaf is incomplete; second, belief in metaphor in the Quran does not conflict with the authority of its apparent meanings; third, the narrations considered by the Salaf, regardless of issues of transmission and text, are themselves subject to Ta'wil; and finally, their solutions and loopholes lack coherence with their interpretive method and practically do not resolve the need for Ta'wil.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this article, relying on important Salafi sources, a new formulation of their views is presented in five points: the denial of the interpretive (ta'wil) approach among the Salaf, the denial of the delegation (tafwid) approach among the Salaf, literalism in understanding the Quran and the denial of metaphorical usage in the meanings of verses, the narrative basis for literalism in the verses of attributes, and finally, the solutions for denying anthropomorphism (tashbih) within the context of literal interpretation, including the denial of modality (kayfiyyah) in describing God, distinguishing between exegesis (tafsir) and interpretation (ta'wil), and finally, analyzing common concepts between God and humans.
In conclusion, while criticizing these points, it is stated that: first, the claim of denying ta'wil and tafwid in the practice of the Salaf is not complete; second, belief in metaphor in the Quran does not conflict with the authority of its apparent meanings; third, the narrations considered by the Salafis, regardless of issues of authenticity and continuity, are themselves subject to interpretation; and finally, their solutions and loopholes lack coherence with their interpretive method and practically do not fulfill the need for interpretation.
Denial of the Tafwidhi (delegation) approach from the Salaf Ibn Taymiyyah and other Salafis strongly reject this famous view that a group of the Salaf halted at the understanding and interpretation of the verses of attributes and, in technical terms, tended toward the tafwid (delegation) of their knowledge to those who possess it, saying: The Salaf understood the meanings of the texts of the Book and the Sunnah, affirmed the apparent meanings of them for God, and relegated deep truths beyond that or ta'wili meanings (in the sense of the external realities of those verses) to Divine knowledge.
(
, 
, 
)
