چکیده:
Achieving and realizing a single Ummah in the Islamic world requires understanding the historical contexts and utilizing the bitter and sweet experiences of this issue in past eras; therefore, the author examines the situation of two great countries, namely Iran and the Ottoman Empire, which played a significant role in deepening the incongruities of the Islamic world, and investigates the contexts of raising the issue of islamic unity. In this writing, first, the situation of Iran in the Qajar era and the factors of decline are explained, and the contexts of the emergence of reformism are stated, and after that, the aforementioned process in the Ottoman Empire has been discussed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Undoubtedly, to explain the historical process of Islamic unity in the Qajar era, we are compelled to examine the situation of Iran and the Ottoman Empire as two countries that played the most effective role in the development and deepening of the incongruities of the Islamic world.
This deep and all-encompassing decline in Qajar-era Iran placed Iran not only in a lower position compared to the Ottoman Empire and even its subordinate provinces such as Egypt and Iraq, but even in some respects, it was inferior to its new eastern neighbor (Afghanistan), which, following the murder of Nader Shah Afshar and the fragmentation of Iran in 1160 AH / 1747 AD, began its process of separation from central Iran among those seeking rule, and its independence from Iran gained international legitimacy in 1273 AH / 1857 AD within the context of the colonial equations of Western powers.
The reform movement in Qajar-era Iran, much like the Ottoman Empire, gradually expanded from within the sovereignty to the outside, moving from superficial layers to infrastructures, and in its orientation toward the West, it moved from formalism and the adoption of the manifestations of new civilization to investigating the causes of Western progress and its foundations of social development.
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