چکیده:
Among contemporary epistemological discussions, the two issues of the possibility of knowledge and its nature are considered important topics. Philosophers of Transcendent Wisdom and Cartesian philosophers both acknowledge the possibility of true knowledge. They also define true knowledge and divide it into different types. Skepticism, the division of knowledge into acquisitive and presence-based, the discussion of conception and assent and its types, and their use of logic—especially the discussion of syllogism and related topics as a method for attaining knowledge—are other important discussions in comparing the epistemology of these two groups regarding the issue of the possibility and nature of knowledge.
خلاصه ماشینی:
On one hand, the influence of Transcendent Wisdom (al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah) on Islamic philosophy, its seizing the lead from competing schools, the expression of new theories regarding the category of science and perception, and the beginning of epistemological discussions in their modern sense by the philosophers of Transcendent Wisdom; and on the other hand, the beginning of a new era, the emergence of a skeptical atmosphere during this period, and the appearance of Descartes as the father of modern Western philosophy—who placed his philosophy on the basis of epistemology, reaching truth, and escaping the abyss of skepticism, and made great philosophers such as Malebranche, Spinoza, and Leibniz his followers—multiplies the importance and necessity of epistemological discussion, especially the issue of the possibility of knowledge and its nature, with these philosophers at its center.
Also, Allameh Tabataba'i emphasizes the self-evidence of the existence of knowledge in humans, considering it a matter of the nature of intuitions, and believes that everyone intuitively finds the existence of knowledge and perception within themselves through a presential manner (Ibid.
Other Cartesian philosophers such as Spinoza, Malebranche, and Leibniz, like Descartes, consider knowledge to be possible and have dedicated a significant part of their works to epistemological discussion.
Therefore, Descartes and Leibniz, like the philosophers of Transcendent Philosophy, consider self-evident truths to be necessary and undeniable concepts that a human finds without any thought or reasoning.
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