چکیده:
Many views have been proposed regarding the origination or eternity of the soul, as well as its bodily or spiritual origination. The Peripatetics consider the soul to be an abstract substance that emerges with the occurrence of the body while simultaneously being independent of it; their combination with the body is an additive combination, and based on this, they have a providential connection and mutual influence. However, according to Sadr al-Mutallihin, the emergence of the soul is not in an abstract form, but rather matter intensifies in its very essence and quiddity. This process proceeds such that in terms of physiological characteristics, in addition to the vegetative stages and imaginal abstraction—namely the animal stage—the soul reaches a point where it gains the merit of becoming a rational soul and, according to that stage, achieves intellectual abstraction. Ostad Fayyazi considers the emergence of the soul to be prior to the body and in an abstract form. In the direction of its perfection, the soul dominates the body, taking it into its possession and under its guardianship. The affection and love established between the soul and the body causes mutual influence between them. Due to the inadequacy of reason in this matter, he relies more on traditional narrations (naql) to prove and explain his viewpoint.
خلاصه ماشینی:
They say: The reddish light (the immaterial substance of the soul) was spiritual and pure at the beginning; but because it resided in the realm of corruption (the world of bodies and the body) and became contaminated with the impurity (covering) of vegetable and animal attributes, it became physical; meaning that its attachment to the bodies of nature and its requirements intensified, not that it has been transformed into a body or that it has become physical like imprints (vegetable and mineral forms); Some mystics and also Mulla Sadra in Transcendent Wisdom believe that the soul is physical in its origination, but becomes spiritual in its subsistence (Sabzavari, n.
Criticism and Review The Peripatetic view regarding the abstract origination of the soul has been a center of criticisms and problems, among which are: Firstly, Mulla Sadra considers the spiritual reality and intellectual nature of the soul to be contradictory to its attachment to the body and its bodily affections, such as physical health, illness, pleasure, and pain (Mulla Sadra, 1379, Vol. 9, p.
For this reason, it cannot be said that the soul was from the beginning an immaterial being that came from the celestial realm and became attached to the body; Secondly, the Peripatetic objection to the theory of the eternity of the soul, based on the implication of the multiplicity of souls prior to bodies while maintaining distinction, is also directed at themselves; because the origination of souls at the time of the origination of bodies, in the case of multiplicity, requires a mode of distinction so that the numerical multiplicity of souls is established; however, according to the Peripatetics themselves, the simplicity and immateriality of the soul from matter is incompatible with its numerical multiplicity (Mulla Sadra, 1379, Vol. 9, p.
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