A Comparative Study of the Revolutions of Iran مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

Note: The present article is a translation of the sixth chapter of Nicky Cody's book titled Iran and the Muslim World: Resistance to Revolution, which has been translated into Persian to provide more familiarity with the perspective of Western analysts regarding the Islamic Revolution. The nationwide uprising against granting the tobacco concession to Britain in 1891-1892, the uprisings in the provinces of Gilan, Azerbaijan, and Khorasan after World War I, the revolts in Azerbaijan and Khorasan after World War II, the popular movement for the nationalization of the oil industry under the leadership of Mossadegh in 1951-1953, and the anti-government public demonstrations in the early 1960s, all included efforts to overthrow foreign dominance over the Iranian economy and to establish an independent society and state. Although this movement emerged in many colonies and dependent states of the world, the anti-imperialist movement in Iran was stronger compared to many other Middle Eastern countries and manifested in the form of mass uprisings and revolutions. Iranians held their own government responsible for the plunderings of the West, and this manifested itself in the developments of 1891, the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, the nationalization of the oil industry in 1951-1953 under the leadership of Mossadegh, the 1963 demonstrations regarding (Imam) Khomeini, and the 1978-1979 revolution. 14 The basic assumption of this formula is that a revolution occurs when the relations of production - especially the control and ownership of society's primary tools for production - change, and the absorption of this new economic order is beyond the capacity of old forms of political power and state organization.