چکیده:
Despite the extensive and relatively comprehensive research conducted so far regarding Ayatollah Modarres, important aspects of his intellectual and political struggles still remain in a haze of ambiguity. Undoubtedly, one of the prominent yet unknown periods of his life is his dominant role in the political transformations during the years of World War I in Iran. The violation of Iran's neutrality and the invasion of the country's territory paved the way for important events such as the 'Migration' movement and the attempt to move the capital from Tehran to Isfahan. In this context, Modarres, who had given new dimensions to his political activities by leading the political-religious movement known as the 'Scientific Council' (Heyat-e Elmiye) in the third parliament, joined this movement alongside other defenders of the homeland; the peak of which was the declaration of war against the occupying governments of Russia and England and the formation of the 'National Government' in Kermanshah. This article attempts, by relying on primary documents and sources, to study the untold aspects of Modarres's political life during the aforementioned period, taking into account the historical progression of events and their consequences.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this midst, Modarres, who had given new dimensions to his political activities by leading the political-religious movement known as the "Scientific Board" (Heyat-e Elmiye) in the Third Majlis, joined this movement alongside other defenders of the homeland, the peak of which was the declaration of war against the occupying Russian and British governments and the formation of a "National Government" in Kermanshah.
Modarres in the Third Majlis After the 1911 / 1291 SH Russian ultimatum to Iran, which led to the dissolution of the Second Majlis and the establishment of the dictatorship of Nasser al-Molk, eventually Nasser al-Molk, the Naib al-Saltaneh, on the eve of World War I, in the face of the increasing force of freedom seekers and political circles, especially the activities of the Tabriz Provincial Association, the developments in international relations, and the Shah reaching the age of maturity, was forced to issue the decree for the elections of the Third Majlis in the name of Sultan Ahmad Shah and quickly left the country.
Through a series of meetings and discussions with the Democrats and German representatives, especially after the finalization of the Shah and the government cabinet's withdrawal from joining the Migration movement, changes were made to the composition of the board of directors of the National Defense Committee, through which representatives of other factions, including Seyyed Hassan Modarres, were placed at its head.
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